ASHRAE Journal - April 2021 - 16

TECHNICAL FEATURE

21. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2019, Ventilation for Acceptable
Indoor Air Quality.
22. Lee, K.S., Z. Jiang, Q. Chen. 2009. " Air distribution effectiveness
with stratified air distribution systems. " ASHRAE Transactions 115(2).
23. Chen, C., B. Zhao, D. Lai, W. Liu. 2018. " A simple method for
differentiating direct and indirect exposure to exhaled contaminants in mechanically ventilated rooms. " Building Simulation
11(5):1039 - 1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-018-0441-0
24. Bhagat, R.K., M.S. Davies Wykes, S.B. Dalziel, P.F. Linden. 2020. " Effects of ventilation on the indoor spread of
COVID-19. "  Journal of Fluid Mechanics 903:F1. https://doi.org/10.1017/
jfm.2020.720
25. Villafruela, J.M., I. Olmedo, F.A. Berlanga, M. Ruiz de Adana.
2019. " Assessment of displacement ventilation systems in airborne
infection risk in hospital rooms. "  PloS One 14(1):e0211390. https://
doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211390
26. Nielsen, P.V. 2012. " Air distribution systems and cross-infection
risk in the hospital sector. " Ventilation 2012: The 10th International
Conference on Industrial Ventilation.
27. Nielsen, P.V. 2009. " Control of airborne infectious diseases
in ventilated spaces. "  Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 6(Issue
Suppl_6):S747 - S755. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2009.0228.focus
28. Yi, Y., W. Xu, J.K. Gupta, A. Guity, et al. 2009. " Experimental study on displacement and mixing ventilation systems for a patient ward. " HVAC&R Research 15(6):1175 - 1191.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2009.10390885

29. Memarzadeh, F., W. Xu. 2012. " Role of air changes per hour
(ACH) in possible transmission of airborne infections. " Build. Simul.
5:15 - 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-011-0053-4
30. Bolashikov, Z.D., A.K. Melikov. 2009. " Methods for air cleaning
and protection of building occupants from airborne pathogens. "
Build. Environ. 44(7):1378 - 1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
buildenv.2008.09.001
31. ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2017, Ventilation of Health Care
Facilities.
32. Paul, E., M. Fine. 1993. " Herd immunity: history, theory, practice. " Epidemiologic Reviews 15(2):265 - 302. https://doi.org/10.1093/
oxfordjournals.epirev.a036121
33. Althaus, C.L. 2014. " Estimating the reproduction number of
Ebola virus (EBOV) during the 2014 outbreak in West Africa. " PLoS
Currents Outbreaks 1. https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.outbreaks.91af
b5e0f279e7f29e7056095255b288
34. Al-Raeei, M. 2021. " The basic reproduction number of the new
coronavirus pandemic with mortality for India, the Syrian Arab Republic, the United States, Yemen, China, France, Nigeria and Russia
with different rate of cases. " Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
9:147 - 149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2020.08.005
35. Coburn, B.J., B.G. Wagner, S. Blower. 2009. " Modeling influenza epidemics and pandemics: insights into the future of swine flu
(H1N1). " BMC Med 7:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-7-30

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ASHRAE Journal - April 2021

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