ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 126

COLUMN HVAC APPLICATIONS

Denver, where the density is approximately 18% less.
Mass flow over the cooling coils, therefore, would be
reduced by 18%. Meanwhile, the fan flow rate would
need to be increased to provide the required cooling.
If a fan has inlet or outlet duct connections, what are
the sizes of the ducts? Is the fan manufacturer required to
supply transition pieces from the duct to the fan and from
the fan to the duct (evasé)? What about the losses for those
transition pieces? Are they accounted for in the operating points? How much space is available for transitions?
Although short transitions tend to be less efficient than
long ones, modern flow-analysis tools (such as CFD) can
help to improve the efficiency of short transitions. This
tends to be more beneficial for large high-flow applications in which small improvements in fitting efficiency
can yield large returns in the form of energy savings.
Does the customer have a preferred operating speed?
Faster fans usually are smaller and less expensive but
can also be less efficient. Sometimes, space permitting, a
slower, larger fan can be an economically viable option.

Construction and Special Requirements
Are there any special requirements for the fan assembly? Which type of fan is preferred-axial or centrifugal?
If centrifugal, is there a type of blading that is preferred
or required? Is efficiency of paramount importance, or is
the fan handling a dirty gas stream, in which case longterm reliability is likely to be preferred? If the gas stream
is dirty, is the particulate abrasive or sticky? Are there
corrosive elements?
Does the customer have preferred limits or design
guidelines? Is there a requirement for minimum first
critical speed of impeller and shaft? Does the fan manufacturer also need to take oil-film-bearing or roller stiffness into account?
What about bearings? Is there a preferred bearing
type, such as anti-friction or sleeve? Is there a required
manufacturer? Is grease lubrication or oil lubrication
preferred? What are the ambient- and process-temperature limits? How will the bearings be cooled? With
water? With air? With circulating oil? Will the bearings
require special shaft seals? Will there be any instrumentation requirements for monitoring bearing temperature and vibration? Is a local display required, or simply
the transmission of a signal to a control room? Which
communications protocol is required?
Is a full local control panel required, or are
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D E C E M B E R 2 0 19

instrument-mounted transmitters sufficient? What
functions will be present?
Once a fan has been specified for performance, what
should be considered for static components, such as bearing pedestals and sole plates and fan casings? Does the fan
have an inlet box? If it does, is the inlet box integral to the
fan casing or bolted to the fan inlet in Arrangement 1 or
9 configuration? Are there any special material requirements for temperature extremes? Are corrosive or explosive atmospheres a potential hazard? Is there a minimum
material-thickness requirement? If the flow is abrasive, are
wear-protection plates required? Does the site have good
experience with a specific type or style of protection?
Will the fan be exposed to high temperatures? If it will,
should the fan casing be insulated to address personnelprotection concerns or reduce the amount of noise being
transmitted to the surrounding environment? Should
the vendor provide insulation mounting studs, or
should that be left to the site installation contractor?
What about temperature excursions? Will the fan be
exposed to even higher temperatures during upset conditions? If it will, how frequently and for how long, and
what are the temperature extremes? How quickly will
the gas-stream temperature change? Fans typically are
suitable for gradual temperature changes, of, say, 15°F
(-9°C) per minute. Some applications experience much
more rapid temperature changes.
Has a preliminary plant layout been completed, and
is the fan rotation, discharge and inlet-box orientation
known? Industrial fans can usually be customized easily
to satisfy any inlet- and outlet-angle requirements.
Is there a preferred form of coupling? Is maintenancefree a preference or a requirement? Certain couplings
are ideal for variable-speed applications because they
are torsionally soft and can be tuned to avoid natural frequencies. Are there any special guarding requirements?
Certain industries require non-sparking guards. These
can be aluminum, brass or plastic.
What sort of driver is required for the fan, and who is
responsible for providing it? Will the fan be motor- or
turbine-driven? Will it have a gasoline engine or a diesel
engine? What utilities are available for the driver? For a
motor, what is the voltage, phase and frequency? For a
turbine, what is the steam pressure and quality? Are any
controls required for the driver? If yes, are they local or
remote?
Various other accessories, such as turning gears, which


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ASHRAE Journal - December 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - December 2019

Contents
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - CT1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - CT2
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 8
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ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - 12
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ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - December 2019 - Cover4
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