ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 55
TECHNICAL FEATURE
as the International Performance Measurement and
Verifi cation Protocols (IPMVP), and other ASHRAE
Guidelines focused on measurement such as Guideline
45P, Measurement of Whole Building Performance for Occupied
Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. For an overview
of what's is contained in the guideline, who created
it and how it was written, read the exclusive online content
here: https://tinyurl.com/JournalExtras.
Effi ciency Measures and Guideline 14-2023
In many buildings, the calculation of energy savings
or demand savings from energy effi ciency measures
(EEMs) or water savings from water effi ciency measures
(WEMs) can be performed by comparing measurements
of energy use and/or demand from before and after
implementation of the retrofi t. In the simplest cases,
such as the replacement of a constant-use, constantload
appliance with a more effi cient constant-use,
constant-load appliance, the calculation can consist of
the subtraction of the post-retrofi t use/demand from the
pre-retrofi t use/demand for similar periods.
However, many EEMs involve the replacement of heating,
cooling or lighting equipment that are infl uenced
by other complicating factors such as weather and varying
occupant schedules. Therefore, ASHRAE felt there
was a need for a consensus guideline that can be used to
calculate savings that adjusts for non-EEM or non-WEM
infl uences that affect energy or water use.
How is Guideline 14-2023 Supposed to be Used?
In general, Guideline 14-2023 addresses the determination
of energy savings by comparing before and
after energy use measurements, which are adjusted
for non-EEM changes that affect energy use. The basic
method is shown in Figure 1 and
shows the projection of energy
use or demand patterns of the
pre-retrofi t (baseline) period
into the post-retrofi t period as
indicated by the dashed line that
begins immediately after the
EEM installation . Typical adjustments
to the baseline energy
use or demand include weather,
occupancy and system variables.
Savings represent the amount of
energy use between the projected
FIGURE 1 Guideline 14's basic method for determining savings.
Baseline Use
Adjusted Baseline Use
Savings
Post-Retrofi t Use
Sep
Baseline Period
Mar
Sep
EEM Installation
Sep
Mar
Mar
Post-Retrofit Period
Sep
Mar
Sep
baseline and the post-retrofi t consumption and are calculated
using the following formula:
Savings = (Baseline energy use or demand projected
to Post-Retrofi t conditions) - (Post-Retrofi t energy use
or demand)
TAKEAWAY PO I NTS
ASHRAE guideline 14-2023 is intended
toprovide a minimum acceptable level of
performance in the measurement of energy,
demand and water savings from energy and
water effi ciency projects applied to residential,
commercial or industrial buildings.
Guideline 14-2023 addresses the determination
of energy savings by comparing before and after
energy use measurements, which are adjusted for
non-EEM changes that affect energy use.
Guideline 14-2023 contains minimum compliance
requirements to ensure a fair level of confi dence in
the savings determination. These requirements are set
forth in three specifi c approaches and include compliance
paths for each approach. The approaches include:
1) Retrofi t Isolation Metering, 2) Whole-Building
Metering and 3) Whole-Building Calibrated Simulation.
These approaches were provided to balance the accuracy
of the chosen approach against the cost of implementation
of the measurement and verifi cation (M&V).
Proper reference to Guideline 14-2023 should therefore
declare a specifi c approach and accuracy to be
specifi ed. For example, " Savings determination shall
comply with the ASHRAE Guideline 14-2023, Path 2,
Whole-Building Performance Path, with a maximum
allowable uncertainty of 20% at a 90% level of confi -
dence. " Additional information
about uncertainty and level of
confi dence is contained in Annex
B of the Guideline.
The general methodology consists
of the following steps, which
are illustrated in the fl owchart
contained in Figure 2:
1. Prepare a measurement
and verifi cation plan. The plan
should show the compliance
path, the metering and analysis
procedures and the expected cost
F E B R U A RY 2 0 2 3 ashrae.o rg ASHRAE JOURNAL
55
https://tinyurl.com/JournalExtras
http://ashrae.org
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - February 2023
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2023 - Cover4
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