ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 31

TECHNICAL FEATURE
FIGURE 1 How energy credits fit into energy codes and standards
credits as an additional resource for building designers.
Additional Savings
Above Base
Prescriptive;
Flexible Choices
Standard 90.1 Savings Progress
Since its fi rst version in 1975, Standard 90.1 has made
signifi cant progress in building energy savings (Figure 2).
The last three 90.1 cycles have averaged about 6% to 7%
overall energy savings per cycle. The 2022 edition doubled
that savings to about 14%, with more than a third of
that increase in savings attributable to energy credits.
The Core of
The Code
Equivalent
To Base
Prescriptive
Plus Credits
Each credit point represents a savings of 1/10 of 1% of
total building energy cost. Load management measures
base their cost savings on a typical time-of-use electric
price structure adopted by Standing Standards Project
Committee (SSPC) 90.1. Compliance requires projects to
include energy credit measures that achieve a required
energy credit point threshold, which varies by building
use type and climate zone. The targeted 5% additional
energy cost savings in Standard 90.1-2022 translates into
needing 50 credit points for most
building types and climate zones.
Whole-building performance
paths have been adjusted to maintain
equivalent energy impact
through modifi cations to the
Energy Cost Budget in Section 12
and modifi cation of the building
performance factors for compliance
with Appendix G.
Pacifi c Northwest National
0.0%
Laboratory (PNNL) has published
a detailed technical support document,
" 90.1 Energy Credits Analysis
Documentation, " 2 that provides
additional detail on the development
of energy credits for Standard
90.1. PNNL has also developed an
" Application Guide " 3 for energy
100
80
60
40
20
1970
History of Energy Credits
Energy credits have been adopted in other model
building energy codes. Many residential energy codes
over the past 20 years have had effi ciency requirements
that involved a choice of options. In commercial
codes, a choice-based effi ciency concept fi rst appeared
in the 2012 International Energy Conservation Code
(IECC) as a " select one of three options " approach. This
" pick one " approach evolved over the years to include
six options in 2015 and eight options in 2018. The 2021
IECC4 expanded to 15 energy credit measures that were
assigned points relative to expected savings, allowing
measures to be fl exibly selected in a combination that
achieves at least 10 credit points, which is equivalent to
approximately 2.5% energy savings.
A similar credit concept has now been added to
Standard 90.1 with a total of 34 measures, and the proposed
2024 IECC is expected to match the expansion
FIGURE 2 Progress in Standard 90.1 energy savings (90.1-2022 results are preliminary).
Improvement in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 (Year 1975-2022)
12.3% 18.5%
14.0%
4.5%
-0.5% 4.6%
7.5%
6.8%
4.7%
14.2%
Source: Pacifi c Northwest National Laboratory
1980
1990
Year
A U G U S T 2 0 2 3 ashrae.o rg ASHRAE JOURNAL
31
2000
2010
2020
Normalized Energy Use (1975 Use =100)
https://ashrae.org/

ASHRAE Journal - August 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - August 2023

ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 9
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ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 11
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ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - 16
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ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - August 2023 - Cover4
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