ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - 60
IEQ APPLICATIONS
Column
Tool Evaluates Control
Measures for Airborne
Infectious Agents
BY W. STUART DOLS, MEMBER ASHRAE; LISA NG, PH.D., MEMBER ASHRAE; BRIAN J. POLIDORO; DUSTIN POPPENDIECK; STEVEN J. EMMERICH, FELLOW ASHRAE; ANDREW PERSILY, PH.D.,
FELLOW/LIFE MEMBER ASHRAE
The purpose of the new online tool Fate and Transport of Indoor Microbiological
Aerosols (FaTIMA) is to model the fate of infectious aerosols (e.g., those associated with
SARS-CoV-2) generated within the built environment and the potential impact of various control measures.1 Pathogen-containing aerosols can be generated by an infected
person through breathing and other activities involving the respiratory system, such as
coughing. Larger emitted droplets fall rather quickly to the ground due to gravitational
settling; these can impact various surfaces or ballistically enter the respiratory tract of
another, nearby occupant.2 Smaller droplet nuclei can remain airborne for longer periods, and these aerosolized particles are the focus of FaTIMA.
FaTIMA models the fate of such indoor microbiological aerosols based on the effects of ventilation, filtration,
deposition and inactivation. FaTIMA can be used to evaluate relative effects of control measures on airborne infectious agents but does not model the risk of infection.
The underlying model (Figure 1) consists of a single
zone, served by a mechanical ventilation system, that
incorporates source and removal mechanisms of an
aerosol having a single, user-defined representative size
and a uniform concentration. (Users who need to understand spatial variations in airborne concentration should
consider using computational fluid dynamics instead.)
The mechanical ventilation system model allows specification of supply, return, exhaust and outdoor air intake
rates. Aerosol sources may be specified as any combination of continuous (e.g., breathing) or intermittent (e.g.,
coughing) emissions. Aerosol removal mechanisms
include filtration (within the ventilation system and via
a room air cleaner), deactivation and deposition onto
floors, walls, ceilings and other surfaces. Simulations
run for 24-hours, with results provided as a time history
of the airborne concentration and surface loading and
the integrated exposure of an occupant.
W. Stuart Dols and Lisa Ng, Ph.D., are mechanical engineers, Brian J. Polidoro is an
IT Specialist, Dustin Poppendieck is an environmental engineer, Steven J. Emmerich
is a group leader, and Andrew Persily, Ph.D., is a division chief in the Engineering
Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md.
Dols and Ng are members of and Persily is a consultant to SSPC 62.1. Emmerich is
chair of GPC 44 and a member of SSPC 62.2.
This peer-reviewed column does not represent official ASHRAE guidance. For more information on ASHRAE resources on COVID-19, visit ashrae.org/COVID19.
60
ASHRAE JOURNAL
ashrae.org
JAN UARY 2021
http://www.ashrae.org/COVID19
https://www.ashrae.org/
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - January 2021
Contents
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - 1a
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - 1b
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - 4
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ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - January 2021 - Cover4
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