TECHNICAL FEATURE FIGURE 2 Workspace-based personal comfort device options. Primary Air Smart Workspace Air Unit Desktop or Desk Radiant Panel Foot Warmer Desktop Hand Warmer Workspace-Mounted Air Mover Conditioned Chair Ceiling Radiant Panel Ceiling Fan humidity, occupancy and certain air quality parameters. Figure 1 is meant to be illustrative only. There are of imminent occupancy based on historic patterns. However, unless the workspace is a closed-door office, adjusting local thermal comfort conditions using control of space temperature alone can conflict with surrounding workspace conditions; it's one reason Standard 55-2020 requires multiple thermal comfort measures for an improved thermal environmental control classification. Coordinated control among adjacent workspaces is necessary to prevent workspaces from thermally battling one another. The control and coordination of each workspace's multiple comfort measures can best be accomplished by the workspace controller of Figure 1, with which communication is shown by the dashed lines. The workspace controller in Figure 1 also incorporates or is in communication with a sensor array in the workspace that at a minimum includes the ability to sense local temperature, several different control architectures that can be used. It is essential that the controls for each workspace are not only in communication with the occupant and the workspace's sensing and comfort measures, but also with a zone collector and processor that is either part of or communicates with the BAS zone controller. This device aggregates information from all workspaces in each zone to regulate the airflow from the zone VAV box and provides information to the HVAC system that can be used to establish optimal primary air temperature and fresh air volume from the air handler as occupancy patterns and the occupants' environmental expectations in each zone fluctuate. Such a robust occupant network can incorporate data management and analysis to optimize the operation of the HVAC system in surprising new ways. Devices and equipment needed to develop individual thermally controllable workspaces are now available, and more are being developed. Figures 2 and 3 show some of the variety of devices and systems now available or under development, one or several of which can be used to provide localized individual thermal comfort adjustments at office workspaces. Figure 3 is a CFD model of a ceiling-mounted personal comfort unit that fits in place of a standard diffuser. It regulates primary airflow and mixes it with workspace air within the unit. It then delivers a combination of air temperature and air movement to the occupant below as required to satisfy the occupant's thermal FIGURE 3 CFD picture of smart workspace air unit providing adjustable air temperature and movement to workspace. Temperature °F Velocity ft·s-1 32 ASHRAE JOURNAL ashrae.org S E PTEM B ER 2023 72.00 72.36 72.71 73.07 73.42 73.77 74.13 74.48 74.84 75.19 75.54 0.00 0.37 0.74 1.11 1.48 1.85 2.22 2.59 2.96 3.34 3.71http://www.ashrae.org