ASHRAE Journal - June 2021 - 59

COLUMN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
circuit-level control, combined with more fl exible offgrid
use of a battery, make smart breaker panels an exciting
new technology for smart homes.
Home Energy Management Systems
Home energy management systems (HEMS) provide
coordinated whole-home control, analogous to building
automation systems common in large commercial
buildings. HEMS can be implemented using a standalone
device in the home or could live in the cloud and
control Wi-Fi-connected devices using application
programming interfaces (APIs). HEMS could control all
major systems, automatically taking into account the
many different control objectives a house may experience
including comfort, effi ciency, grid service requests
and prioritizing the use of renewable energy.22
Homeowners should dictate how their house is controlled,
but they should not be expected to manually
manage all their loads individually. Especially as grid service
requests become more common, it will be important to
have a central controller to ensure that control of individual
appliances does not adversely impact comfort or safety.23
Conclusion
Smart home technology has the potential to make
homes more comfortable and effi cient, use more clean
energy and be more resilient. Despite the progress
across many aspects of smart home technology, there
are still technical gaps to tackle before a more complete,
more useful smart home is possible. Major appliances
built with more sensors and better controls will enable
more advanced control, better identifi cation of faults
and the ability to respond to demand response requests.
New technology like EVs and batteries give homeowners
more control over when they draw power from the grid,
but also will increase the total electric load in homes.
Ultimately, the ability to measure where electricity is
being used in homes and optimize control at the wholehome
level will be needed to ensure smart home technology
improves costs, comfort and load fl exibility and
does not create more work.
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ASHRAE Journal - June 2021

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