ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 16
COLUMN DATA CENTERS
FIGURE 2 Parametric study of energy use, x-factor and unmet hours for existing chiller operation above various
wet-bulb temperatures.
120
100
80
60
40
20
Facility Energy (% of Baseline)
Annualized X-Factor (Value × 100)
Unmet Hours at Full Load (h/yr Avg Server Inlet Temp Above Recommended Range)
server reliability and demonstrating
further action in corporate ESG
reporting.
2,500
2,000
1,500
2,081
1,839
1,604
1,296
867
388
N/A
Baseline, No
Containment
66/46
62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 82
Baseline w/Integrated
Economizer, No Containment
Threshold for Switch to
100% Economizer (WB, °F)
500
2,241 2,289
2,304
1,000
References
1. Quirk, D., Y. Yassaghi, T. Davidson. 2023.
" Thermal Guidelines' X-Factor IT Reliability
Data: Data Center Energy and Capital Cost
Considerations. " ASHRAE Journal 65(3):20-24.
2. ASHRAE. 2020. Thermal Guidelines for Data
Processing Environments, 5th Edition. Atlanta:
ASHRAE.
3. ASHRAE Standard 90.4-2022, Energy
Standard for Data Centers.
A future column will discuss the
challenge of achieving the MLC
compliance values listed in the 2021
IECC with air-cooled chillers (the
2021 IECC is more stringent than
ASHRAE Standard 90.4-2019 in many
climate zones), along with strategies
for achieving compliance using
x-factor techniques.
Pressure Step Deaerator
The PSD uses vacuum technology to remove
dissolved air from chilled water in a sealed
hydronic system.
* Deaerates systems up to 40,000 gallons
* Glycol mixture up to 50%
* Compact design
* Remote monitoring capabilities
Solutions For Data Centers
Hydronic systems with high concentration levels of dissolved oxygen can see a
considerable increase in corrosion and reduced efficiency. By creating a vacuum
and negative water pressure, the PSD can successfully remove dissolved air from
the hydronic system.
Increase your potential energy savings up to 13%
for chilled water systems.
view our
Product Guide
for more info
for more information visit www.flamcogroup.us or call 888 900 0947
visit w
16
flamc group.us or call 888 900 094
ASHRAE JOURNAL ashrae.org F E B R U A RY 2 0 2 4
99.8
101.7
103.1
104.3
105.6
106.5
106.8
106.8
97.9
96.5
114.0
114.0
100.0
95.0
93.0
92.7
92.4
92.2
92.1
91.9
91.9
91.9
91.9
91.9
%
Hours
http://www.flamcogroup.us
http://www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - February 2024
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - CT1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - CT2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 8
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ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - Cover4
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