ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 16

COLUMN DATA CENTERS
FIGURE 2 Parametric study of energy use, x-factor and unmet hours for existing chiller operation above various
wet-bulb temperatures.
120
100
80
60
40
20
Facility Energy (% of Baseline)
Annualized X-Factor (Value × 100)
Unmet Hours at Full Load (h/yr Avg Server Inlet Temp Above Recommended Range)
server reliability and demonstrating
further action in corporate ESG
reporting.
2,500
2,000
1,500
2,081
1,839
1,604
1,296
867
388
N/A
Baseline, No
Containment
66/46
62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 82
Baseline w/Integrated
Economizer, No Containment
Threshold for Switch to
100% Economizer (WB, °F)
500
2,241 2,289
2,304
1,000
References
1. Quirk, D., Y. Yassaghi, T. Davidson. 2023.
" Thermal Guidelines' X-Factor IT Reliability
Data: Data Center Energy and Capital Cost
Considerations. " ASHRAE Journal 65(3):20-24.
2. ASHRAE. 2020. Thermal Guidelines for Data
Processing Environments, 5th Edition. Atlanta:
ASHRAE.
3. ASHRAE Standard 90.4-2022, Energy
Standard for Data Centers.
A future column will discuss the
challenge of achieving the MLC
compliance values listed in the 2021
IECC with air-cooled chillers (the
2021 IECC is more stringent than
ASHRAE Standard 90.4-2019 in many
climate zones), along with strategies
for achieving compliance using
x-factor techniques.
Pressure Step Deaerator
The PSD uses vacuum technology to remove
dissolved air from chilled water in a sealed
hydronic system.
* Deaerates systems up to 40,000 gallons
* Glycol mixture up to 50%
* Compact design
* Remote monitoring capabilities
Solutions For Data Centers
Hydronic systems with high concentration levels of dissolved oxygen can see a
considerable increase in corrosion and reduced efficiency. By creating a vacuum
and negative water pressure, the PSD can successfully remove dissolved air from
the hydronic system.
Increase your potential energy savings up to 13%
for chilled water systems.
view our
Product Guide
for more info
for more information visit www.flamcogroup.us or call 888 900 0947
visit w
16
flamc group.us or call 888 900 094
ASHRAE JOURNAL ashrae.org F E B R U A RY 2 0 2 4
99.8
101.7
103.1
104.3
105.6
106.5
106.8
106.8
97.9
96.5
114.0
114.0
100.0
95.0
93.0
92.7
92.4
92.2
92.1
91.9
91.9
91.9
91.9
91.9
%
Hours

http://www.flamcogroup.us http://www.ashrae.org

ASHRAE Journal - February 2024

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal - February 2024

ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - Intro
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - CT1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - CT2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 1
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 2
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 4
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 5
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 6
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 7
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 8
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 9
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 10
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 11
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 12
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 13
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 14
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 15
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 16
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 17
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 18
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 19
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 20
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 21
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 22
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 23
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 24
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 25
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 26
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 27
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 28
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 29
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 30
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 31
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 32
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 33
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 34
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 35
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 36
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 37
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 38
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 39
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 40
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 41
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 42
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 43
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 44
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 45
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 46
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 47
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 48
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 49
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 50
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 51
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 52
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 53
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 54
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 55
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 56
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 57
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 58
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 59
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 60
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 61
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 62
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 63
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 64
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 65
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 66
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 67
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 68
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 69
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 70
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 71
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - 72
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal - February 2024 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FYONLJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2024november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2024november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_BDMHLG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WJDGRY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ATMAHK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VHQRAW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XGMDXI
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_YELQLJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QJLWMC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_MCDEBX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WNYSQY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XATVOD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FJSHSS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_CCBZDS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XDEFVG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2023november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2023november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VHGNBL
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WPKBNJ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_UUVCDE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RTGDEW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LKRFXS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_AZSOFG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ERCDBH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QWDFRV
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JHGVDF
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OPUYHG
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SREIBM
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LRTGLK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OKRFGH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2022november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2022november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TZSERA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_LVRUIX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RPTVYZ
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/mini_pub_catalog
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XIYTGD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RFGDOB
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PABXNU
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_REMKLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PICVBT
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_AOYTVW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JQOPLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_IOYTBC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SGAJJF
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_IGHYER
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_PDRKLS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2021november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2021november_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_XCODFR
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QSLFGO
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ILKVNM
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OPDJKD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_VJKSRY
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SDHUTC
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JPPKRR
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SDLTTH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_CKLLES
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_SLDOX
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_HJETUK
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_OLUHGE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2020october
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2020october_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ZERDGH
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_QVMNEO
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_RTPOKE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_BBATRE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_STUBMW
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TPEMPE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_JNMKDS
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_FBTTPA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_WQMMNE
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_TVBRYN
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_showguide2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_KTUZMA
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_ABEDGD
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2019septmeber_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2019september
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2019april
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2019march
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_showguide2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018december
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018november
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2018fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2018fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_2018october
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraemexico_2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraeinsights_201806
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2017fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2017fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201705
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashrae_meetinginsert_201610
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2016fall_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2016fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acrexindia
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2015summer_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_amca_2015summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/amca/2014summer2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/amca/2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acma_2014summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_acmasupp_2013fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201305
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201303
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2013winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/achr_expo_mexico2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201208_v3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201208_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2012summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2012winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201111_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/ashraejournal_201109_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/pubcatalog_2011summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ashrae/meetingplanner_201103
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com