ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 22
Full HVAC
Indoor Air
Air Speed
PMV
PPD
Cooling Effect (CE)
Heat Index (Less CE)
Heat Risk
75°F (23.9°C)/50% RH 95°F (35°C)/40% RH
<20 fpm (0.1 m/s)
-0.37
<20 fpm (0.1 m/s)
+3.00
8%
N/A
74.6°F (23.7°C)
None
99%
N/A
No HVAC/Fans Air-Circulating Fans Only Hybrid HVAC/Fans
95°F (35°C)/40% RH
225 fpm (1.14 m/s)
+1.43
47%
7%
9.2°F (5.1°C)
99.0°F (37.2°C)
Extreme caution
89.8°F (32.1°C)
Caution
*1.3 Met, 0.4 Clo, MRT = ADBT
TABLE 1. CBE Thermal Comfort Tool calculations for different building scenarios.
■ full HVAC system
■ no means of cooling occupants
■ air-circulating fans only
■
hybrid system of HVAC and air-circulating fans
The HVAC and hybrid systems provide thermal comfort
within ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55, Thermal Environmental
Conditions for Human Occupancy, parameters
(predicted mean vote [PMV] between +0.5 and -0.5). The
scenario of no functional HVAC and no fans is high-heatrisk,
with a predicted percentage of dissatisfi ed (PPD) of
99 percent. Comfort is improved in the air-circulatingfans-only
scenario, as less than half of the occupants are
dissatisfi ed and there is a dramatic reduction in heat risk.
Refuge
In late June/early July 2024, Hurricane Beryl left more
than 2.1 million Texans without electricity. In cities such
as Houston, authorities established cooling and charging
centers where people could escape the extreme heat.
With public-health agencies such as the U.S. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and W.H.O.
reinforcing the importance of these shelters as part of
climate-change-adaptation strategies, organizations are
exploring converting their spaces for this use. Given that
power outages so often are the reason these centers are
needed, effi cient solutions are vital. Because of their low
energy consumption, LDCF can operate on renewable
energy with storage, providing life-saving comfort amid
threatening conditions.
Table 2 shows design options for a 10,000-sq-ft (929
sq m), two-basketball-court gymnasium with a solar and
battery-storage system in the suburbs of Washington,
D.C., intended for use as an emergency shelter. Three
limited-power scenarios are shown:
Lighting
Ventilation Fans
LDCF
Supply Fan
Compressor/Condenser
Total Peak Power Demand
Estimated Daily Electricity Use
Approximate Solar Energy (DC Power)
15-ton (53 kW) RTU 18-ft (5.5 m) LDCF Four 14-ft (4.3 m) LDCF
2.0 kW
2.0 kW
-
1.3 kW
1.5 kW
3.6 kW
12.8 kW
16.4 kW
335 kWh
80 kW
TABLE 2. Design options for a shelter-in-place gymnasium.
22
2024 AMCA inmot ion
www.amca.org
-
-
4.6 kW
94 kWh
25 kW
2.0 kW
1.3 kW
1.2 kW
-
-
4.3 kW
89 kWh
25 kW
7.8°F (4.3°C)
76.1°F (4.5°C)
None
83°F (28.3°C)/50% RH
175 fpm (0.90 m/s)
-0.28
http://www.amca.org
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024
Contents
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - CT1
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - CT2
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - Cover1
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - Cover2
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - Contents
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 2
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 3
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 4
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 5
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 6
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 7
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 8
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 9
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 10
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 11
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 12
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 13
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 14
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 15
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 16
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 17
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 18
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 19
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 20
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 21
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 22
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 23
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 24
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 25
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 26
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 27
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 28
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 29
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 30
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 31
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 32
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 33
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 34
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 35
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - 36
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - Cover3
ASHRAE Journal Supplement - AMCA InMotion - November 2024 - Cover4
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