Sartorisu-Sowmya eBook - 10

DECIPHERING THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO VIRAL INFECTION

rhinitis virus (ERAV). For the first time, this drug was shown to
inhibit FMDV replication ERAV infection. Smith et al. (2019) used
live cell imaging to study to study macrophage regulation in a
mouse model of influenza. Incucyte live cell cytotoxicity assays
and apoptosis assays were used to assess IAV viral replication in
GFP-labeled bronchoalveolar lavage cells from infected mice.
The study revealed that Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
(MIF) can promote viral spread, suggesting that it may be a
potential risk marker as well as a therapeutic target in the battle
against viral pneumonia.
In addition to live-cell imaging and analysis, advanced
high-throughput flow cytometry is another powerful tool
for examining viral interactions with the host, the biology
of immune responses, and therapeutic screening. The
iQue3 platform provides a panoramic view of the immune
response, giving comprehensive insight into the extent of
responses, which may shed light on individual vulnerabilities.
This platform requires small sample volumes for greater
efficiency, and can be used to quantify levels of inflammatory
mediators (cytokines), analysis of T-cell subsets and activity,
NK cell killing, epitope mapping, antibody binding and
neutralization
Advanced flow cytometry has already produced some
valuable insights for viral research. Stein et al. (2019) used
this to assess the presence of antibodies against the cell
10 | GENengnews.com

surface proteins of ARPE-19 cells in immunized mouse and
part of a high-throughput inhibition assay, which identified,
for the first time, that CD46 was an important factor for CMV
entry into cells. Marcandalli et al. (2019) explored the use
of a nanopartical immunogen (DS-Cav1-153-Cav1) in the
development of a vaccine for respiratory syncytial virs (RSV).
They tested the neutralization capabilities of mouse and
non-human primate (NHP) sera in a RSV micro-neutralization
flow cytometry assay using Intellicyt instrumentation and GFPlabeled RSV and Hep-2 cells. The nanoparticle immunogen
elicited a neutralizing antibody response that was tenfold

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