H2Tech Market Data 2023 - 34

and Oklahoma are working together to develop their own
regional H2
hub; 40 different groups have joined to establish
a H2 hub in the U.S. Northeast, including the states of
Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York and New Jersey; and
Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia plan to use natural
gas from the Marcellus Basin to create a blue H2
hub.
Additional projects and initiatives include new H2 infrastructure.
For example, the California Fuel Cell Partnership's
goal is to establish 200 H2
fueling stations in California by
2025. A consortium comprised of Caterpillar, BNSF and
Chevron are developing a locomotive powered by a H2
fuel
cell. United Airlines is partnering with ZeroAvia to advance
zero-emissions, H2
electric engines for regional aircraft. If
successful, these types of engines will be used on United
Express aircraft starting in 2028.
Other companies are also investing in new electrolyzer
capacity and making efforts to decarbonize the transportation
sector. For example, Avangrid is planning to develop
electrolyzers, H2
storage and H2
production plants in several
areas of the country. These include a 20-MW electrolyzer to
produce 2.9 MMkg/yr of H2
in Connecticut; a H2 production
facility in Rochester, New York to fuel the area's transportation
sector; using green H2
in manufacturing and transportation
in Maine; exploring large-scale renewable energy
to power electrolyzers for green H2
U.S. Gulf Coast; and using existing wind farms to power
a 20-MW electrolyzer to increase green H2
production along the
production by
3,000 tpy in Oregon.
Chevron has partnered with Iwatani Corp. to build 30
H2 fueling stations in California by 2026. These stations
will receive H2 from excess supply produced at Chevron's
Richmond refinery, as well as from other pilot projects in
Northern California. Shell plans to add new H2
refueling
infrastructure in California, as well. The energy company is
partnering with Hyundai on Project Neptune to support the
car maker's Nexo fuel-cell crossover. Shell plans to build 48
new H2
refueling stations in the state.
Several other companies have announced plans to incorporate
CCS into plant operations, while others have committed
significant capital into transporting and/or storing CO2
.
These include South Louisiana Methanol, Shell, ExxonMobil,
Lucid Energy, Freeport LNG, LSB Industries, Linde, bp, Sempra
Energy, Talos Energy, Air Products, and many others.
Two consortiums are investing in two large-scale CCS
projects in the Midwest region. These projects include the
$4.5-B Midwest Carbon Express and the $3-B Heartland
Gateway project. The Midwest Carbon Express will be a
2,000-mi pipeline network that will collect CO2
initiative would transition Los Angeles to 100% clean energy
by 2035. This includes switching from natural gas power
generation to the use of wind, solar and battery storage.
However, this type of plan is not without challenges. To
reach 100% clean energy production, Los Angeles will have
to invest heavily in expanding wind and solar farms, primarily
to replace energy that will be lost by shutting down
natural gas-fired power plants. According to the National
Renewable Energy Laboratory's LA100: The Los Angeles
100% Renewable Energy Study, the city will have to generate
470 MW-730 MW of renewable-generation capacity and
batteries per year by 2045. The cost of this transition was
estimated to be between $57 B and $87 B.
Other companies are using technologies to convert
waste into usable H2
. For example, H2Renewables will use
ReCarbon's Plasma Carbon Conversion Unit to convert landfill
gas to H2
ald, Tennessee and be able to produce 12 tpd of green H2
. The H2
. The partnership's first project will be in McDon.
The
JV has identified four other sites in the U.S. to produce
up to 60 tpd of green H2
produced will be used primarily
for fuel power cells in long-haul, heavy-duty trucks.
Several companies are using installed operations, along
with new infrastructure, to produce green or blue ammonia
and/or green/blue H2
. Many of these projects will
incorporate some form of CCS technologies. For example,
Nacero's $6.5-B gas-to-gasoline plant in Penwell, Texas, will
utilize CCS and produce blue H2
. The captured carbon will
from dozens
of Midwest ethanol plants and inject it into underground
porous rock in North Dakota. The Heartland Gateway project
includes a 3,000-mi pipeline network across five Midwest
states to capture CO2
from approximately 20 industrial sites
and sequester it underground.
Additional investments like Project Tundra in North
Dakota focus on capturing carbon and storing it in vast
underground areas, and the Summit Carbon Solution CCS
project will gather CO2
ern states and store the CO2
FIG. 14. U.S. low-carbon H2
demand potential through
2050 (metric MMtpy). Source: Roadmap to a U.S. Hydrogen
Economy, McKinsey & Co. and FCHEA.
from biorefineries in several Midwestunderground
in North Dakota.
Several initiatives taken by towns and major cities are
geared towards using renewables and H2 for power generation.
The most ambitious program is the LA100 plan. This
be used for enhanced oil recovery. Enbridge and Humble
Midstream are setting up their own low-carbon H2
and
ammonia production and export facility. The project will be
at the Enbridge Ingleside Energy Center near Corpus Christi,
Texas. The produced products will be consumed domestically
and exported globally. These are only two out of many
examples of companies incorporating new technologies to
decarbonize operations.
A detailed list of notable active projects in the U.S. is
shown in TABLE 2. These projects include green/blue H2
production, CCS/CCUS, and green/blue ammonia, among
others. Although this is a robust list of major projects
ongoing in the country, many other H2
, CCS/CCUS and H2
initiatives are ongoing. Many of these projects are in the
developmental or pilot stages.
34
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H2Tech Market Data 2023

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