H2Tech Market Data 2023 - 44

TABLE 1. Characteristics of water electrolysis technologies
Alkaline
PEM
Electrolyte
Operating parameters
Temperature, °C
Pressure, bar
Current density, A/cm2
Voltage, V
Nominal features
Cell area, m2
Production rate, m2
Gas purity, %
/hr
System configuration
Energy consumption, kWh/m3
Efficiency, %
Stack lifetime, kh
Degradation, %/yr
Economic parameters
Capital cost, $/kWh
Maintenance cost, % of
investment/yr
Primary advantages
Liquid alkaline solution
(e.g., KOH or NaOH)
50-100
< 30
0.2-0.4
1.8-2.4
< 4
< 1,400
> 99.5
~5.5
51-60
60-120
0.25-1.5
500-1,000
2-3
Cost-effective catalysts, low capital and
operational expenditures, high durability
and stable operation
Primary challenges
Other considerations
Corrosive system, lower purity,
higher energy consumption
* Simple system design
* Has other applications within existing
supply chains that may be scaled up
* Slow dynamic response, less suited to
variable renewable energy (VRE)
Solid polymer membrane
SOEC
Solid ceramic material
AEM
Polymeric AEM (contain positive ionic groups and
mobile negatively charged anions) and KOH filled
anodic half cell; no liquid in cathodic half cell
20-90
< 200
0.6-2
1.8-2.2
< 0.13
< 400
> 99.99
~5.4
46-60
60-100
0.5-2.5
700-1,400
3-5
Higher H2 purity, current density,
low footprint, high production rate
Corrosive, high costs of rare earth material
electrodes and DI water, acidic environment
* Uses platinum and iridium
(rare earth metals)
* Current metal production will support
3.5 GW-7 GW in capacity expansion/yr
* Fast dynamic response suited to VRE
and voltage regulation
700-1,000
< 20
0.3-2
0.7-1.5
< 0.06
< 10
> 99.9
~3.8
76-81
8-20
3-50
~2,000
-
Promises higher efficiency,
low energy consumption
High-temperature operation,
lower durability
* No cycling, suited for constant
base load
Low internal ohmic resistance, bifunctional yet
less-expensive electrocatalyst, continuous cyclic
operation, circumvents cost and issues involved
with membranes and durability
High voltage, low current density
* Does not use precious metals
* Membrane less expensive vs. PEM
50-70
50-60
44
MARKET DATA 2023 | H2
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H2 TECHNOLOGIES
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H2Tech Market Data 2023

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