H2Tech - Q2 2021 - 42

BLUE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
LITERATURE CITED
Van Beurden, B., " A net zero emissions energy
business, " Shell, April 16, 2020, Online: https://
www.shell.com/media/speeches-and-articles/2020/
a-net-zero-emissions-energy-business.html
2
European Commission, " A hydrogen strategy for
a climate-neutral Europe, " July 7, 2020, Brussels,
Belgium.
3
Press and Information Office of the German
Federal Government, " German government
adopts hydrogen strategy, " June 10, 2020, Online:
https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/news/
wasserstoffstrategie-kabinett-1758982
4
International Energy Agency, " The future of
hydrogen, " June 2019.
5
Hydrogen Council, " Hydrogen scaling up:
A sustainable pathway for the global energy
transition, " November 13, 2017, Online: https://
hydrogencouncil.com/en/study-hydrogen-scaling-up/
6
International Energy Agency, " Hydrogen, "
2021, Online: https://www.iea.org/fuels-andtechnologies/hydrogen
7
EU Science Hub, 2018, Online: https://ec.europa.
eu/jrc/en
8
Adolf, J. et. al, " Shell hydrogen study: Energy of the
future? Sustainable mobility through fuel cells and
hydrogen, " January 2017.
9
Europa, Eurostat, " Electricity production,
consumption and market overview (based on
2018 data), " June 2020, Online: https://ec.europa.
eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/
Electricity_production,_consumption_and_
market_overview#Electricity_generation
10
U.S. Energy Information Administration, " Table
8.1: Average operating heat rate for selected energy
sources, " (Assuming a heat rate of 7,800 Btu/kWh
for natural gas power plants), Online: https://www.
eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_08_01.html
11
Pöyry Management Consulting, " Hydrogen from
natural gas-The key to deep decarbonisation, "
July 2019, Online: https://www.poyry.com/sites/
default/files/zukunft_erdgas_key_to_deep_
decarbonisation_0.pdf
12
European Zero Emission Technology and
Innovation Platform, " Commercial scale feasibility
of clean hydrogen, " April 25, 2017, Online: https://
zeroemissionsplatform.eu/wp-content/uploads/
ZEP-Commercial-Scale-Feasibility-of-CleanHydrogen-report-25-April-2017-FINAL.pdf
13
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA),
" Hydrogen from renewable power: Technology
outlook for the energy transition, " September 2018,
Online: https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/
IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Sep/IRENA_
Hydrogen_from_renewable_power_2018.pdf
14
IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEAGHG),
" Reference data and supporting literature reviews
for SMR based hydrogen production with CCS, "
IEAGHG Technical Review 2017-TR3, 2017,
Online: https://ieaghg.org/publications/technicalreports/reports-list/10-technical-reviews/778-2017tr3-reference-data-supporting-literature-reviews-forsmr-based-hydrogen-production-with-ccs
1

FIG. 6. The advantages of integrating the proprietary blue H2 process with other technologies,
with Shell as the master licensor.

TABLE 1. Modeling parameters
Pure H2 production, tpd*

500

Natural gas cost, $/t equivalent

396

Demineralized water, $/t equivalent

8.4

Power import, $/MWh

H2 discharge pressure, bara

CO2 discharge pressure, bara

150

Plant availability, %

*Excluding inerts, methane, CO2 and CO, which will also be present, depending on the ﬁnal puriﬁcation step.
Solvent, triethylene glycol and catalyst costs are estimated.

have been built worldwide. For example,
the Pearl gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant in
Qatar has 18 trains, each with an equivalent pure H2 production capacity of 500
tpd. Pearl GTL has been operating since
2011. The product is defined as pure
H2 production-i.e., not including any
inerts, methane, CO2 or CO, which will
also be present, depending on the final
purification step.
Since 1997, the Pernis refinery in
the Netherlands has been operating a
1-MMtpy carbon-capture program using
the technology. The CO2 is used in local
greenhouses. The CO2 stream is an essential part of the Pernis CCS project.
No matter how cost-effective the H2
production and carbon-capture technologies, without sequestering the CO2 directly or through enhanced oil recovery, the H2
remains gray. Many CCUS projects are in
operation at various stages throughout the
world. For example, since 2015, the Shell
Quest facility in Canada has captured and
stored more than 5 MMt of CO2.
42 Q2 2021 | H2-Tech.com

Key takeaways. H2 will be part of the
future energy mix, and several mature
technologies are available for producing
cost-effective, low-carbon blue H2. For
greenfield applications, SMR is an inefficient method of producing blue H2 owing
to poor CO2 recovery and scalability; O2based systems offer better value (an independently backed conclusion).
The proprietary blue H2 process,a
which integrates proprietary gas POXb and
solventc technologies, offers key advantages over ATR, including a 10%-25% lower
levelized cost of H2, a 20% lower CAPEX,
a 35% lower OPEX (excluding natural gas
feedstock price), > 99% CO2 captured and
overall process simplicity. The process,
which is now available to third-party refiners, is proven at the 500-tpd scale.
NOTES
Refers to the Shell Blue Hydrogen Process (SBHP)
b
Refers to the Shell gas partial oxidation process (SGP)
c
Refers to the Shell CANSOLV CO2 Capture System
(CANSOLV is a Shell trademark)
d
Refers to Shell ADIP ULTRA solvent technology
a

NAN LIU is the Licensing Technology Manager for
Gasification at Shell Catalysts & Technologies. She has
fulfilled roles throughout the project lifecycle, from
initial feasibility and front-end development to project
execution and plant operations, on major capital
projects around the globe. These projects include the
startup of the gasification unit at the Fujian refinery
and ethylene project in China, as well as performance
optimization at the gasification and hydrogen plant
at Shell's Pernis refinery in the Netherlands. Ms. Liu
has a strong commercial mindset and is a keen
advocate of gasification as a value-adding investment.

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