H2Tech - Q3 2021 - 21

HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
recovery of waste on one side, and the synthesis of a chemical
(H2
) on the other. Compared with the conventional routes for
waste disposal of incineration and chemical synthesis from fossil
feedstock, this system allows for better exploitation of carbon
and better CO2
emissions savings. An estimate of CO2
CO2 saving = [(CO2Conv.H2
/ CO2Conv.H2
An estimate of CO2
) - (CO2Waste to H2
savings
from the waste-to-chemicals approach can be quantified using
the formulation shown in Eq. 1:
- CO2Incinerator
emissions for conventional H2
of H2
)]
(1)
production
takes into consideration that equivalent emission for feed and fuel
consumption is around 75% of overall lifecycle emissions. Average
feed and fuel consumption for a conventional H2
to 3,500 kcal/Nm3
plant equal
was assumed. The resulting specific
.
emissions for this assumption are approximately 12.6 t CO2/t H2
Incinerator emissions. The reference value of 2 t CO2/t waste
was adopted for the incinerator. Assuming that the distance
from the nearest incinerator is equal to 1,000 km, the overall
emissions are on the order of 2.1 t CO2
equal to 22.5 t CO2/t H2
.
To properly account for the equivalent CO2
Demineralized water
Instrument air
Cooling water
Chemical
N2
Others
Granulated
Sludge
Labor
Natural gas
Maintenance
Electric power
1
2
FIG. 4. Estimated OPEX for waste-to-H2
3
OPEX, €MM/yr
scheme.
Component
, mol%
H2
CO, mol%
, mol%
CO2
H2O, mol%
, mol%
N2
CH4
H2
, mol%
Arg, mol%
S, ppm
COS, ppm
HCN, ppm
HCl, ppm
Hg, ppm
PM, ppm
TABLE 3. Syngas composition after cleaning and purification
Value
39.1
42.6
12.8
0.4
4.8
0.21
-
0.01
0.1
0.1
0.1
-
-
4
5
0.056
0.26
0.56
0.5
0.9
1
1.36
1.5
2.01
3.43
3.64
5.96
6
Cost component
TABLE 6. Utilities cost assumptions for economic evaluation
Value
Waste treatment (three gasification lines), tpy
Vitrified granulate produced, tpy
Concentrated sludge produced, tpy
Maintenance cost as % of CAPEX
Depreciation
Equity (20 yr and 6% interest)
Bank loan (12 yr and 3% interest)
Personnel (at company cost), € MM/yr
7 people per shift (7 × 5) = 35 people
3 specialists during working day
1 manager
RDF plastics price, €/t
Electric energy cost, €/MWh
Natural gas price, €, sm3
O2 cost, €/Nm3
N2 cost, €/Nm3
Instrument air, €/Nm3
Industrial water, €/m3
Cooling water, €/m3
Demineralized water, €/m3
Slag disposal cost, €/t
Concentrated slag disposal cost, €/t
192,000
34,000
7,500
2%
0.0872
0.0672
1.75
0.24
0.12
150
70
0.24
0.078
0.078
0.028
0.08
0.014
0.43
40
200
H2Tech | Q3 2021 21
/t of waste, which is
emissions from
electric power not produced from waste, an electric energy efficiency
of 28% is assumed. It can be calculated that 24 tph of
TABLE 4. Material balance for the waste-to-H2
Feed/product/bioproduct
Waste feedstock, tpy
H2 production, MMNm3
Granulated, tpy
Sludge, tpy
Utilities
y
y
scheme
Quantity/yr
192,000
200
34,000
7,520
Electric power, MWh/yr
Industrial water, m3
Demineralized water, m3
Natural gas, tpy
Instrument air, MMNm3
N, MMNm3
O, MMNm3
y
y
Cooling water, MMm3
y
TABLE 5. CAPEX estimate for waste-to-H2
CAPEX
CAPEX inside battery limits
CAPEX outsidey battery limits
Contingency (10%)
Total
y
y
Quantity/yr
84,000
50,400
130,000
12,176
10
11.5
82.5
40
plant
€ MM
190
30
22
242
SPECIAL FOCUS
waste with a calorific value of 18 MJ/kg and combustion assisted
by natural gas (which assumes 2% of energy content of
the waste) would produce around 34 MWe. The latter must be
replaced by electric energy from the grid.
H2Tech - Q3 2021

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