H2Tech - Q4 2021 - 39

INFRASTRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION
key utilities are power, water for steam
production and cooling water. The SMR
+ CCS process described earlier is the
same for the different vectors. Surplus
steam is minimized, and maximum CO2
capture is targeted in the blue H2
CCS process. The H2
SMR +
product from this
unit is sent for compression for injection
into the natural gas grid. The CO2
captured is sent to the next unit for compression
and liquefaction.
CO2
liquefaction (TABLE 4) includes
compression, drying and liquefaction using
a typical mechanical refrigeration unit,
and any BOG is recovered and reliquefied.
The main utility is power for the compression
and refrigeration compressors.
CO2
storage is based on having sufficient
storage to service the number of
ships and their size. Refrigerated storage
spheres with capacities of 12,000 m3
are
assumed, with a margin to allow for delay
in ship arrival. The same storage capacity
in Qatar and the UK is assumed, and
new ship berths, loading/unloading arms
and pipework have been included in both
locations. This is to acknowledge that the
smaller CO2
ships and their added movements
will require different and additional
infrastructure; therefore, the specific
value compared with the LNG storage is
significantly higher.
CO2
transportation is based on refer,
which require
ences for refrigerated (7 barg, -50°C)
ship sizes of 50,000 m3
three ships and result in a high ship utilization.
It is assumed that these ships can
operate on LNG as a fuel, if not now at
least in the future.
The total specific value for the entire
value chain is $1,610/metric t H2
Liquid H2
, split
between a CAPEX of $446/metric t H2
and an OPEX of $1,164/metric t H2
.
value chain. The LH2
vector
consists of four key process blocks,
shown in FIG. 8. H2
production and LH2
liquefaction take place in Qatar before
transport to the UK. The captured CO2
is a product for further processing before
reinjection in Qatar. Regasification of the
LH2
takes place in the UK to deliver H2
the natural gas grid.
to
FIG. 6. LNG block flow diagram with material balance.
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