HP March 2022 eBook—Energy Transition - 138

INFRASTRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION
The complete cycle of low-carbon H2
-Part 2
K. GUPTA, M. ETHAKOTA and P. KUHIKAR,
Technip Energies, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Sensitivity analysis of H2
production cost. The cost of H2
production depends on the natural gas price for SMR, the electricity
cost for electrolysis and biomass, and the electricity cost
for the biomass route. In SMR, the operating cost is most sensitive
toward natural gas prices, as shown in FIG. 9.
In the case of biomass gasification, the cost of H2
production
depends on electricity and feedstock cost. FIG. 10 and FIG. 11
show how H2
The production cost of H2
.
pends on the electricity price (FIG. 12). The electricity price
must be less than $25/MWh-$40/MWh to compare to the
cost of blue H2
green H2
As renewable electricity prices decline around the world,
is an increasingly economically attractive option.
Green H2 production costs will further decrease as electrolyzer
costs decline, as efficiency increases and as the capacity utilization
factor (CUF) of renewable energy installations increases.
H2
are available at a cheaper rate.
Case study: H2
10
15
5
1
2
3
4
5
FIG. 9. Relationship of H2 price with natural gas price.1
4.1
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
50
Electricity price, $/MWh
FIG. 10. Operating cost with regard to power cost for the biomass route.
FIG. 12. Operating cost with regard to power cost for the electrolysis
route.
H2Tech | Q3 2021 | H2-Tech.com
100
150
10
5
50
Electricity cost, $/MWh
100
150
6
dicted as a promising near-term user of H2
Natural gas, $/MMBtu
H2, $/kg
for FCEVs. The transportation sector is pre.
H2 must undergo
purification, compression, storage, precooling and dispensing
from biomass is more appealing if electricity and biomass
price varies with electricity and biomass costs.
through electrolysis heavily debefore
reaching the vehicle. A typical flow scheme for the H2
cycle, from purification through dispensing, is shown in FIG 13.
Purification. H2
is used for FCEVs after meeting the quality
as specified in ISO 14687:9001 (Type D). PSA is used for
purification in the SMR and biomass production routes. H2
recovery
of 80%-85% is expected across PSA. In the electrolysis
process, the required quality is achieved through the de-oxy and
dehumidifying units.
Compression. At present, H2
350 barg or 700 barg, while H2
dispensing is done at either
is produced at 20 barg-30 barg
from SMR (depending on natural gas pressure and process configuration),
2 barg-30 barg from biomass (depending on the use
of atmospheric gasifier/reactor or pressurized gasifier/reactor)
and 2 barg-35 barg from electrolysis (depending on the type of
electrolyzer). In all production routes, H2
must be compressed
-2 kW/kg
through a compressor. Typical compressor types are diaphragm,
ionic and hydraulic. Approximately 1.8 KW/kg of H2
of H2
of power is consumed for H2
Storage. Compressed H2
2
3
4
5
1
20
40
60
Biomass cost, $/t
FIG. 11. Operating cost with regard to biomass feed cost for the
biomass route.
80
100
compression at 350 barg.
is stored to avoid fluctuations at the
downstream process and as a buffer to cover a brief shutdown
H2 production cost, $/kg
Price, $
H2 production cost, $/kg
H2 production cost, $/kg
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