Hydrocarbon Processing - February 2021 - 67

Maintenance and Reliability
TABLE 7. Full ASME and ISO standard qualifications testing summary
Property

Test methods

Results

Per ply thickness

Determined from the ASTM 3039 tensile tests

0.46 mm (0.018 in.)

Tensile strength (circumferential direction)

ISO 537-1, ISO 527-2 or ASTMD 3039

631.6 MPa (91.6 ksi)

Tensile modulus (circumferential direction)

ISO 527-1, ISO 527-2 or ASTMD 3039

37.7 GPa (5.5 Msi)

Tensile strain to failure (circumferential direction)

ISO 527-1, ISO 527-2 or ASTMD 3039

1.8%

Poisson's ratio (circumferential direction)

ISO 527-1, ISO 527-2 or ASTMD 3039

0.11

Tensile strength (axial direction)

ISO 527-1, ISO 527-2 or ASTMD 3039

158.6 MPa (23 ksi)

Tensile modulus (axial direction)

ISO 527-1, ISO 527-2 or ASTMD 3039

16.1 GPa (2.3 Msi)

Tensile strain to failure (axial direction)

ISO 527-1, ISO 527-2 or ASTMD 3039

1.52%

Shear modulus of polymer

ASTM D5379

0.96 GPa (139 ksi)

Shear strength of polymer

ASTM D5379

32.9 MPa (4.77 ksi)

Shore D hardness

ISO 868, ASTM D 2583 (ASTM D2240-04)

87

Tg of saturant

ASTM D6604

138°C (280°F)

Thermal expansion coefficient (circumferential direction)

ISO 11359-2, ASTM E831

7.1 ppm/°C (3.9 ppm/°F)

Thermal expansion coefficient (axial direction)

ISO 11359-2, ASTM E832

18.9 ppm/°C (10.5 ppm/°F)

Energy release rate

ASTM D1599

543 J/m2 (3.1 in.*lb/in.2)

Impact performance

ASTM G14 Modified, ASTM D1599

Passed

Short-term spool test

ASME-PCC 2

Passed for 314 bar (4,524 psi)

Lap shear strength (lap adhesion)

EN 1465, ASTM D3165 (ASTM D5868)

Short term: 7.98 MPa (1,158 psi)

Lap shear adhesion strength (1,000 hr of immersion in water)

ASTM D5868

Long-term 90°C (194°F) water:
5.23 MPa (759 psi)

Lap shear adhesion strength (1,000 hr of immersion in air)

ASTM D5868

Long-term 100°C (212°F) air:
7.47 MPa (1,083 psi)

Compressive modulus (filler)

ASTM D695

0.24 Msi

ISO 24817 standards for ECRSs. While this article will not go
into the details of each test, the summary of all the completed
qualification tests and achieved values are provided in TABLE 7.
Discussion. This article provides a detailed insight into the
process and steps followed for the development of a system that
is resistant to sulfuric acid in concentrations of 98% at ASTM
conditions of 24°C (75°F). The main objective of this project
was to create an ECRS that could be used as a valid and qualified pipe repair option for pipe systems operating with 98%
sulfuric acid, which has been achieved. Numerous discoveries
were made along the way-the most important of which was
the effect of cure time and temperature on the resistance of the
system to the chemical solution.
Upon full completion of the development and validation testing of the system, the full qualification testing was completed on
the system. In addition, once completed with the initial validation, subsequent chemical compatibility testing programs were
started to widen the scope of chemical solutions that could be
used compatibly with this system-regarding both chemical
compatibility and temperature ranges.
Takeaway. ECRSs are being utilized as a routine repair option

for many process piping facilities, from refineries to fertilizer
plants to steel mills. Because of the harsh conditions found in
many of these facilities, advanced and thoroughly tested materials are required to be used successfully. Advancing technology
requires commitment and persistence, as well as good cooperation between industry and the manufacturer. By fully character-

izing and testing the composite materials across a spectrum of
temperatures and other environmental conditions, users can be
confident in the repair system's ability to successfully function
as desired. The development of this new system is considered a
breakthrough for its compatibility with sulfuric acid at 98% concentration, as it is the first composite repair system fully tested
and proven to be resistant at such a level.
NOTES
This article was originally presented at the 2018 NACE Middle East Corrosion
Conference
MATT GREEN is the Vice President of Technical Services at
CSNRI. He leads the company's global technical department for
the composites business unit, which encompasses engineering,
training and education. Since 2006, he has presented training
and education seminars around the world on non-metallic
composite repair systems and their applications on pipelines and
piping networks. As a member of the Non-Metallic Composite
Repair Subcommittee for ASME PCC-2 Articles 4.1-4.3, which writes and edits the
ASME standards for composite repair systems related to the repair of pipelines and
pipework, Mr. Green is active in shaping the industry and its future. He has
published numerous papers, and is a regular contributor of technical articles for
industry-related publications. He earned a BS degree in engineering physics from
Northeastern State University in Oklahoma.
RUTH RODRIGUEZ is the Research and Development Project
Leader at CSNRI. She earned a Bch degree in chemical
engineering and an MS degree in business administration from
Keiser University, Florida. She has deep experience in product
development, bringing new products to the market and
developing epoxy resins for composite repair systems. During
the past decade, she has been focused not only on developing
and testing resins that offer the best mechanical properties and chemical resistance
to FRP systems, but also becoming an expert in GHS compliant SDS authoring.
Hydrocarbon Processing | FEBRUARY 2021 67
Hydrocarbon Processing - February 2021

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