Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 36

Petrochemical Technology
and Mitsui Chemicals (Hypol™)6;
fluidized-bed gas phase technology is offered by W. R. Grace and Co. (Unipol
PP™)7; and stirred-bed gas phase technology is offered by Lummus Novolen (Vertical Stirred Gas Phase)8, shown in FIG. 6.
Ineos offered a horizontal-stirred gas phase
process until it exited the licensing busi-

PP technologies: Present and emerging scenarios. PP is the second most

FIG. 5,

popular thermoplastic resin in terms of volume and applications, and is manufactured
mainly by loop slurry, fluidized-bed gas
phase and stirred-bed gas phase processes.
Loop slurry technology is offered by
LyondellBasell (Spheripol™)5, shown in
TABLE 1. Polyethylene technologies
Licensor
Technology

Operates own/
JV plants
Largest known
single-line capacity

LyondellBasell

Mitsui
Chemicals

Chevron Phillips
Chemicals

CSTR

CSTR

Loop slurry

Fluidized-bed gas
phase

ACP Hostalen™
Multi-Modal

CX™
Bi-Modal

Martech SL™/
Martech ADL™
Uni-Modal/Bi-Modal

Unipol PE™
Uni-Modal/
Bi-Modal

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

400,000 tpy

400,000 tpy

550,000 tpy

550,000 tpy

LyondellBasell

Mitsui
Chemicals

W. R. Grace
and Co.

Lummus
Novolen

Loop slurry

Loop slurry

Fluidized-bed
gas phase

Stirred-bed
gas phase

Spheripol™/
Spherizone™

Hypol II™

Unipol PP™

Lummus
Novolen™

Yes

Yes

No

No

450,000 tpy

400,000 tpy

550,000 tpy

500,000 tpy

Univation

TABLE 2. Polypropylene technologies
Licensor
Technology

Operates own/
JV plants
Largest known
single-line capacity

ness in 2016-2017. With the exit of Ineos,
the competition has been reduced mainly
to LyondellBasell, W. R. Grace and Co.,
Lummus Novolen and Mitsui Chemicals.
Except Mitsui Chemicals, all other licensors offer single-line capacity in the range
of 450,000 tpy-600,000 tpy, depending
on product mix. Mitsui Chemicals is expected to offer competing single-line capacities in the future.
Homopolymer PP, which constitutes
the bulk of volume (approximately 70%-
75%), is produced in a single-stage reactor or two parallel reactors, depending on
the technology. Random copolymers PP,
which constitutes about 5%-10% of volume, is also produced in a single-stage reactor or two parallel reactors like homopolymer PP using ethylene as co-monomer.
Impact copolymers using ethylene
as co-monomer, constituting 20%-25%
volume, are produced in series or cascade mode with the second reactor being
a fluidized-bed gas phase reactor, as in
the case of LyondellBasell, W. R. Grace
and Co. and Mitsui technologies, and a
vertical-stirred bed reactor for Lummus
Novolen. All of these technologies offer their ZN-based proprietary catalyst
systems with either proprietary external
donors or commercially available donors.
Though homopolymer PP dominates
the volume, impact copolymers are making strong inroads to newer and innovative applications. Ter-polymers are also
emerging for specialized applications like
low-temperature heat sealing.
PP technology licensors have been
summarized in TABLE 2.
LDPE technologies: Present and
emerging scenarios. Demand for

Steam
Propylene +
hydrogen

Gas phase
reactor

Catalyst

Nitrogen

Ethylene

Propylene + hydrogen
Ethylene

To polymer
hand line
and extrusion

FIG. 5. Polypropylene: Spheripol loop slurry simplified process flow. (Source: LyondellBasell)

36

MARCH 2021 | HydrocarbonProcessing.com

LDPE products, once thought to be fading, has re-emerged strongly in the last two
decades. LDPE is manufactured either by
a high-pressure tubular process or highpressure autoclave process. Technology licensors for LDPE include LyondellBasell,
ExxonMobil and Sabtec. In plants built
over the last two decades, LDPE is usually manufactured exclusively by a tubular reactor process. Autoclave technology
is used to produce only co-polymers like
ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), which has
been growing in importance for speciality
applications. Design capacities of tubular
or autoclave processes are driven solely by
high-pressure engineering capability. The
tubular process offers up to 450,000-tpy


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Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021

Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - Intro
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - Cover1
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - Cover2
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 4
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 5
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 6
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 7
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 8
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 9
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 10
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 10A
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 10B
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 11
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 12
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 13
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 14
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 15
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 16
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 17
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 18
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 19
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 20
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 21
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 22
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 23
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 24
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 25
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 26
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 27
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 28
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 29
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 30
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 31
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 32
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 33
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 34
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 35
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 36
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 37
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 38
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 39
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 40
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 41
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 42
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 43
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Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 46
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 47
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 48
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Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 58
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Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 60
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 61
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Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 63
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 64
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Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 66
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 67
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 68
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Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 70
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 71
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 72
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 73
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Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 75
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 76
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 77
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 78
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 79
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Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 88
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 88A
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 88B
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 89
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - 90
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - Cover3
Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2021 - Cover4
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2020_v2
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201909
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_2018_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2019_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2019
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