Hydrocarbon Processing - March 2022 - 54

HP Flashback
First hydroformer unit put on stream
J. V. Hightower, May 1941
The 7,500-bpd hydroforming unit went online at Pan American
Refining Corp.'s refinery in Texas City, Texas (U.S.). The
unit is the first commercial installation of this type. It uses a catalytic
process to convert low-octane naphtha into 77-80 octane
aromatic gasoline containing a small percentage of unsaturates.
Petroleum becomes source of military explosives
B. O. Lisle, August 1941
Trinitrotoluol (TNT) is a preferred explosive because of its
high power, great stability and dependability, and safety during
handling. The increasing demand for TNT has resulted in the
increased demand for toluene. This article looks at what toluene
is, and the different processes used to manufacture it.
Refining processes
September 1941
This section was the forerunner to the publication's Refining
Handbook. This first iteration details more than two dozen
refining processes used in the early 1940s, including distillation,
alkylation, catalytic cracking, catalytic polymerization and
isomerization, among others.
Turbines for power generation from
industrial process gases
J. Goldsbury and J. R. Henderson, December 1941
This article presents the files of application for turbines operated
by industrial process gases and natural gases. It provides
examples of mechanical details of actual turbines which have
been built for such applications, a simple method for calculating
the energy available in a pure or a compound gas for specific
operating conditions, and the properties of various gases for use
in such calculations.
Defense efforts push oil to record levels
during 1941
W. R. Boyd, January 1942
Natural gas as a raw material in the production
of synthetic ammonia
F. H. Dotterweich, March 1942
Butadiene calls for few departures in equipment
or processing
J. V. Hightower, April 1942
Although the petroleum refining industry is turning to the
production of raw materials, chiefly butadiene for the manufacture
of synthetic rubber, this does not mean that plants will
require radically different equipment and fundamentally different
processes from those used in the production of ordinary
petroleum products.
Importance of butane in this war
R. L. Huntington, May 1942
Natural gasoline manufacturers realize the important part
that butanes are playing in the production of materials highly
essential for winning the war. Through thermal and catalytic
conversion processes, isobutane is being made into isooctane,
54 MARCH 2022 | HydrocarbonProcessing.com
an invaluable blending agent for aviation motor fuel. Normal
butane is being converted into butadiene through dehydrogenation.
Approximately three parts of butadiene and one part
of styrene make up the principal constituents going into the
manufacturing of artificial rubber.
Increasing recovery of liquefied petroleum gases
in natural gasoline plants
J. W. Wilson, June 1942
Total sales of LPG have significantly increased over the past
2 yr. The increasing uses for these petroleum gases are leading
to accelerating demand.
Practical methods for storing volatile liquids
D. E. Larson, July 1942
In designing a chemical plant or petroleum refinery, provisions
must be made for the storage of volatile liquids. The designer
will naturally design storage capable of the following results:
1. Retaining each product for the required period
without deterioration or loss of quality
2. Retaining the product without loss of volume
3. Storing the product at the lowest possible cost
per gallon commensurate with safety
4. Storing the product with the least possible
danger from fire.
The War Products issue
October 1942
This issue was dedicated to petroleum products produced
to help the Allies during World War 2. The issue focuses on
the different processes that produce products such as synthetic
rubber, aviation gasoline, aviation lubricants, toluol, alcohol,
plastics, etc. The introduction of the issue is copied below:
" Upon their supply and performance rests the fate of civilization.
Equally important will be their influence upon human
affairs in the peace to come. Petroleum refining rises to meet
this challenge and marches on to victory.
The following pages illustrate the present and the future.
Photographs show the rubber consuming instruments of war
for which the industry's hectic planning and building are being
made and the products/fuels produced to excel in battle. The
story tells of the peacetime future of these wartime products. "
Record crude production and high refinery runs
required to meet huge military needs
L. J. Logan, August 1943
Fluid catalyst cracking for premium fuels
E. V. Murphree, H. G. M. Fischer, E. J. Gohr, W. J. Sweeney
and C. L. Brown, November 1943
Many large fluid catalyst cracking units are in operation producing
highly aromatic aviation basestocks, raw materials for
alkylate, synthetic rubber and toluene. These operations have
established the fluid catalyst process as an economical basic
cracking installation for producing aviation and motor fuels.
Recent developments in Houdry
fixed-bed catalytic processes
T. B. Prickett and R. H. Newton, November 1943
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