Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 45

Maintenance
and Reliability
G. W. PARK, Kuwait Oil Co., Ahmadi, Kuwait
Prevent corrosion failures at each stage of design,
construction and normal operation
Each year, significant economic losses
Chemical and mechanical engineerdue
to corrosion failures occur in the refining
and petrochemical industries; unfortunately,
many of these losses could
have been prevented. Petroleum refining
today is unusually sophisticated compared
to the single-shell stills of the 1800s,
and the industry shows every indication
of becoming even more complex.
Off gas and LPG
H2S
NH3
Naphtha
Kero
Crude
feed
Naphthenic
acid
CaCl2
MgCl2*
S
H/S AR
S
H2S
NH3
Vacuum
distillation
(VDU)
VGO
S
Gas
VR
H2S
HCN
Coking
S
RFCC
H2S ClNH3CO2
Phenol
HCN
Sour
water
HDS Coking
Amine
Hydrocracking
Sour water stripper
Amine
CO2
H2S
RHDS
RFCC
HDS Hydrocracking
Amine regeneration
Acid gas
Acid gas
Tail gas
Tail gas treating
H2S recycle
Sulfur recovery
S
Molten sulfur
Treated water
FIG. 1. Typical block diagram of a petroleum refinery with corrosives.
Hydrocarbon Processing | JUNE 2022 45
SO2
Naphtha
Hydro-cracking
Atmospheric
Distillation
(CDU)
H2S
NH3
LGO
S
H2S
NH3
RHDS
(desulfurization)
H2
T-AR
H2
Gas
Naphtha
H2S
NH3
CO2
HCN
High temperature H2
Treating
H2SO4
SO2
RFCC
(Fluid catalytic cracking)
Naphtha
C4=
H2SO4
NaOH
HF
iC4
HCl
C4 isomer
Alkylation
Sulfuric acid
Alkylate
nC4
H2SO4
regeneration
H2SO4
SO3
Lubricating oil
Grease/wax
Coke
Asphalt
Desulfurization
H2
Hydrogen production
Off gas and LPG from CDU
F/G
LPG
Gas plant
C3
PRU
C3=
Desulfurization
ing advances are increasing product yields
and improving plant operating reliability,
and crude units have been highly integrated
with secondary and petrochemical
plants, such as fluidized catalytic
cracking units (FCCUs), hydrocracking
units, and delayed coker and polymer
plants. These units are operating under
RFCC
Naphtha
H2
H2S
NH3
Desulfurization
(GDS)
HCl
Catalytic
reforming
Treating
various corrosive materials and operating
conditions (FIG. 1).
One result of these changes is a growing
emphasis on materials engineering
and increased interest in high-alloy,
corrosion-resistant steels-such as stainless
steels, nickel alloys, copper alloys and
titanium alloys-to cope with a wide variety
of raw crudes, oil intermediates and
B
L
E
N
D
I
N
G
Jet fuel
Kerosene
Diesel
Polypropylene
plant
Propylene
* Corrosives underlined
Gasoline

Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022

Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - Cover1
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - Cover2
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 4
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 5
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 6
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 7
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 8
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 9
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 10
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 11
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 11A
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 11B
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 12
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 13
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 14
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 15
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 16
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 17
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 18
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 19
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 20
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 21
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 22
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Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 25
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Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 27
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 28
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Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 33
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 34
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Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 37
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 38
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Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 41
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Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 43
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Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 45
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Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 71
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 72
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Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 86
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 87
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 88
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 89
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - 90
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - Cover3
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - Cover4
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-1
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-2
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-3
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-4
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-5
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-6
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-7
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-8
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-9
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-10
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-11
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-12
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-13
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-14
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-15
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-16
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-17
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-18
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-19
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-20
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-21
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-22
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-23
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-24
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-25
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-26
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-27
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-28
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-29
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-30
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-31
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-32
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-33
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-34
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-35
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-36
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-37
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-38
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-39
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-40
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-41
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-42
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-43
Hydrocarbon Processing - June 2022 - GP-44
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/refining_processes_handbook_2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/refining_processes_handbook_2020_v2
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201912
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2020_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201909
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_2018_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2019_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201811
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