Hydrocarbon Processing - September 2022 - 132

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ticated clash detection. However, to overlook the potential of
realistic 3D representation is to miss an opportunity to increase
design productivity and quality.
A biofuels roadmap for Europe to 2030
A. Bauen, February 2014
What will the transport sector use as an energy source in
2030? If you answered gas, electricity or hydrogen, you could
be on the right track. These sources are becoming increasingly
useful to meet clean energy requirements.
Improve execution of capital projects
with advanced technologies
A. A. Avidan, December 2014
The engineering and construction (E&C) of capital projects
has changed significantly over the past few decades. These
changes have been driven by advanced information technologies,
which have also had major impacts on all aspects of our
lives. These developments involve how project information is
managed and handled and include CAD, transition to building
information modeling, the cloud, VR, big data, the Internet of
Things and robotics, among others.
Use cloud-based document collaboration
to complete projects
S. Baird, February 2015
Capital and maintenance projects require the management
of thousands of documents, which can be more easily accomplished
with cloud-based solutions.
How Cr compounds discolor refractory brick walls
of an ethylene cracking furnace
A. Al-Meshari, M. Maity and E. Al-Zahrani, April 2015
Unusual pink coloration was noticed on the entire refractory
brick wall in the radiant section of an ethylene cracking furnace
of a petrochemical plant. The results of examinations and analyses
showed that the deposition of chromium (Cr) species on
the refractory wall appeared to originate from the radiant alloy
tubes and contributed to the pink coloration of the refractory
brick wall. The suspected cause was the spontaneous formation
of chromium oxide on the tubes at high temperature, followed
by oxidative vaporization that was likely due to the increase of
the tube metal temperature to values above design.
How to cost-effectively adapt to a tight oil world
D. Lindsay, M. Griffiths, A. Sabitov, D. Sioui
and B. Glover, July 2015
The increase in domestic production of light tight oil
(LTO) has resulted in rapid shifts to processing these crudes in
North American (NA) refineries. LTOs typically have a much
higher content of light material compared to the traditional
light sweet crudes that most NA refineries have processed.
While these domestic crudes offer lower-cost raw materials,
there are inherent limits to the amount of LTOs that can be
processed by installed assets. These limits can result from
the additional light content or from feed quality parameters,
such as the high paraffin content that is characteristic of most
LTOs. Addressing these limitations will enable capturing the
higher value from LTOs.
132 SEPTEMBER 2022 | HydrocarbonProcessing.com
Utilize an optimizer to blend gasoline directly to ships
W. Scriven, A. Martin and D. S. Seiver, June 2016
A new control system and single-blend optimization system
make it possible to blend gasoline directly into tanker ships for
delivery, rather than only into tanks, thereby saving millions in
capital and reducing product giveaway.
Optimize a CDU using process simulation
and statistical modeling methods
J. Bird, D. Seillier and E. Piazza, October 2016
A methodology was implemented to optimize the operation
of a refinery crude distillation unit using a combination of process
simulation and statistical modeling methods. The primary
objective was to estimate a set of operating targets for column
pumparound and bottoms stripping steam flows. These targets
were established to maximize the unit profitability over a typical
range of crude rate and crude quality operating conditions.
Shift to gas: A contribution on the path to sustainability
E. Koenig, January 2017
The COP21 event left the world with new mandates to develop
and implement low-emissions energy sources to power
the global economy. To limit global warming, the world must increase
the use of resources like natural gas, which offers a quick,
relatively clean and inexpensive interim step in the global transition
from high-emissions resources to renewable energy sources.
HF alkylation conversion is finally within reach
J. Nunez and S. Presley, September 2017
The predominant alkylation technologies utilized by refiners
require either sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid (HF) to
catalyze the reaction. Due to the volatile and toxic nature of HF,
refiners have long sought out cost-effective solutions to convert
HF alkylation units to safer sulfuric acid alkylation technology.
However, with the perceived high cost of conversion and a lack
of a regulatory requirement to make this change, refiners have
yet to convert an HF alkylation unit to a sulfuric acid alkylation
unit. At present, HF conversion is finally within reach thanks
to the development of cost-effective and proven technologies.
Preparing for a sea change in global refining
C. Follette and J. Ruiz-Cabrero, November 2017
Beginning in 2020, the new IMO regulations will reduce the
limit of sulfur content in marine fuel from 3.5% to 0.5%. In turn,
this decrease in sulfur content will reduce airborne emissions
from ships. The new sulfur regulation could change the drivers
of profitability in the refining industry for many years.
Integrate solar/thermal energy in oil and gas processing
K. Gupta, M. Ethakota and S. Payyanad, January 2018
The integration of renewable energy sources into the conventional
energy sector can be a promising solution to reduce
plant GHG emissions. The opportunities and applications for
solar/thermal systems to replace fossil fuels fully or partially
are explored here.
Aggressive optimization programs are critical
for the survival of marginal refiners
D. Micklem, February 2018
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