Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 16

Plant Safety and Environment
industrial system and contribute to the
energy and feedstock transitions.
Of all the steel mill gases, COG has the
most significant amounts of impurities-
such as ammonia, hydrogen cyanide
(HCN), sulfur species [mainly hydrogen
sulfide (H2
S)], naphthalene, light oil and
tar. The light oil is mainly characterized
by benzene (80%-85%) and xylene and
toluene (15%-20%). The tar is a highly
complex blend that is not easy to process.
Today, a significant proportion of
products is derived from olefins obtained
from the steam cracking of hydrocarbons.
However, the petrochemical industry has
a long history of using CO (along with
H2
) in syngas chemistry.
In the past, limited access to oil reserves
(such as during World War II)
was a primary driver for the utilization of
syngas chemistry-which ultimately led
to the development of Fischer-Tropsch
chemistry as an alternative route to
chemicals and fuels. In periods of high
oil prices, syngas chemistry has been explored
for converting alternate carbon
sources like coal, biomass, natural gas and
waste plastics. Therefore, many companies
have a long tradition in the development
of syngas conversion technologies.
Since 2015, Dow Chemical, ArcelorMittal
and Tata Steel have been exploring
the use of H2
-rich COG and CO-rich
BFG and/or BOFG as members of an
international consortium working on the
Carbon2Value project, which explores
innovative technology for reducing CO2
emissions across the major energy-intensive
steel sector by 30-45%. The consortium's
goal is to use this technology to
separate CO2
and potentially CO2
streams and to valorize CO
in the future. Based
on the knowledge that methanol can be
produced commercially from COG1
ethanol from BOFG and/or BFG,3
and
these
consortium partners have anticipated
that other chemical conversions should
be possible, as well.4
In parallel, other consortia such as the
Carbon2Chem project in Germany are
also exploring these options.5
this project is to avoid CO2
The goal of
emissions by
utilizing CO in syngas conversion chemistry-hence,
capturing the carbon in the
material value chain. This is seen as a more
interesting option than post-combustion
CO2
1. Removing impurities to
bring the gas on spec for
downstream conversion
2. Improving process and
carbon efficiency through the
removal of diluents (N2
, CO2
)
3. Providing technical demonstration
of the concept at scale in a
relevant environment.
moval of CO2
Here we report the efforts on the reand
impurities from the
BFG and COG (targets 1 and 2). This
work was completed in the framework
of an Interreg 2 Seas project (2S01-094)
with European Union (EU) co-funding.
After a careful analysis, the research
utilization, as CO is more reactive
and requires less energy to be converted.
Scope of work. To utilize steel mill
gases in the production of chemicals and
materials, several challenges have been
identified.6,7
First and foremost, the composition
of the gas does not meet typical
specifications that can be achieved when
methane is used to generate syngas via
reforming (either partial oxidation, autothermal
reforming or steam methane
reforming). CO in the BFG is present
in diluted form (with CO2
team selected amine scrubbing as the
technology to achieve the removal of
CO2
process.8
and specific impurities in a single
While it is quite common to use
the direct reduction of iron to capture
CO2
in steel production, to the best of
and N2) and
contains many impurities. The steel mill
gases are saturated with water and contain
dust (sulfided iron oxide) and a variety
of metals and S and N species. Therefore,
the Carbon2Value program focused
on three major targets:
the authors' knowledge, amine scrubbing
is only employed in one BFG steel mill
and in a few pilot lines. Limited information
about these pilot plants is available;
however, challenges on the stability
of the applied amine, along with details
around the quality of the output gas for
downstream processing, have not been
reported in the public domain.
For this study, a commercial amine
producta
ed amine for CO2 and H2S removal9
was selected. This is a formulatthat
is
expected to deliver better performance
than the cheaper alternative monoethanolamine
(MEA). A key area of focus was
stability, thus making this an important
subject of study. Therefore, the joint research
program had the following targets:
1. Assess the feasibility of amine
washing with the proprietary
solventa
to remove CO2 and
sulfur impurities from BFG,
and from BFG co-fed with
COG and COG
2. Provide a CO-rich product that
could be used in a downstream
CO conversion unit
3. Deliver data for full-scale plant
design for CO2
capture at
steel mills.
Description of the process. To deliver
on the research targets, a CO2
FIG. 3. Photo of the Carbon2Value CO/CO2
separation pilot plant installed at the ArcelorMittal
steel mill in Ghent, Belgium. The orange pipe contains the BFG that was fed to the unit.
16 OCTOBER 2022 | HydrocarbonProcessing.com
capture pilot
line was developed. The unit was engineered
by Dow and Petrogas and constructed
by Petrogas. The pilot unit was
completely enclosed within a 40-ft con
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Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022

Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - Cover1
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - Cover2
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 4
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 5
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 6
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 7
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 8
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 9
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 10
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 10A
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 10B
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 10C
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 10D
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 11
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 12
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 13
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 14
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 15
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 16
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 17
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 18
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 19
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 20
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 21
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 22
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 23
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 24
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 25
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 26
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 27
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 28
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 29
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 30
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 31
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 32
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 33
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 34
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 35
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 36
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 37
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 38
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 39
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 40
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 41
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 42
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 43
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 44
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 45
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 46
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 47
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 48
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 49
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 50
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 51
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 52
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 53
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 54
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 55
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 56
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 56A
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 56B
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 56C
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 56D
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 56E
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 56F
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 56G
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 56H
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 57
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 58
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 59
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 60
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 60A
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 60B
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 60C
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 60D
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 60E
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 60F
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 61
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 62
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 63
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 64
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 64A
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 64B
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 65
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - 66
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - Cover3
Hydrocarbon Processing - October 2022 - Cover4
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