Theatre Design & Technology - May 1967 - 20

REFERENCES
8. Storage in relatively light tight enclosures apparently
insures against that deterioration of color media
which is caused by light.
9. On the basis of the limited evidence of this study,
the color transmission in the generally used media
distributed by United States manufacturers seems to
be standardized within a 2.. 5% margin.
10.No valid comparison of manufacturers' color media
samples is possible until a graphic examination of
all related hues in one color area can be made for
each manufacturer's product in question.

1. Issued by Kliegl Brothers, Inc., 32-32 48th Ave., Long
Island City, New York 1 1 101 .
2. Frequently the term "burnout" is used in reference to
this endurance test of the stability of color in media.
3. The contributions of Arthur Moore and Charles M. Watson to the 1958 Trial, and of Neil Lantz and Carlene
Rarik to the 1961 Trial are hereby gratefully acknowledged.
4. Co-author, Minor Rootes assumed responsibility for the
conduct of the third trial and shared in the overall
evaluation.
5. In Trials 1 and 2 footcandle readings were taken at
three hour intervals to eighteen hours and six-hour intervals thereafter to the end of the time period for
that trial.
6. This designation system provides a relatively simple but
precise physical identification of instruments by stenciling type and number on each.

B. Conclusions.
1. Over the visible spectrum, the color media tested
are increasingly stable as they move from blue toward the amber colors. The popular pinks and also
the red areas should receive early attention.
2. The blue media in the plastic type lost an average
of only 12% transmission in as many hours, while
the gelatine media examined lost this much in three
hours. The total deterioration over 27 hours was
relatively the same, however, for all samples: around
27%.
3. In a comparison of amber, lavender and blue media
there is some indication that where deterioration will
occur it takes place in the first six to twelve hour
period.
4. The time-elapse portraits of the fifteen media used
in Trial 3 of this experiment provide a visually clear
profile of the variations in response to light. These
profiles need to be validated and filled in with the
results of more experiment. Other colors need testing as well.
5. Other media in the lavender color area should be
examined for possible reversals in deterioration,
either in the transmission or absorption areas and
analyzed for possible improvement of color stability.
6. The twenty-seven hour duration used in Trial 3
should be extended to judge effects over a longer
period on relatively stable media like amber.
7. Instruments designed for use with tungsten-halogen
sources, should be used to compare effects with
those of the conventional tungsten sources.
8.

Storage deterioration from manufacturer to consumer
should be evaluated. Footnote 10 and a comparison
of Fig. 2.3 with 6.8 and 2.4 with 6.9 suggest
that there may be different kinds of deterioration at
work: some deteriorating quality, time and I or light,
as well as heat and light. A lineal study of storage
effects is in order.

7. John E. Kaufman (ed.) IES Lighting Handbook (New
York City, Illuminating Engineering Society, 1966),
pp. 1-3, 2-4, 2-5. To illustrate the process for estimating relative amounts of energy for colors, note the following: two duplicate spotlights, one with a blue-green
filter and one with an orange filter, on two separate
dimmers, cal ibrated on the basis of the square-law,
should give approximately the same perceived luminance
if the former is set at a reading of "5" and the latter
at "2." The curve here illustrated is for photopic vision.
Scotopic vision in a similar energy curve peaks approximately 40 nanometers farther towards the blue end of
the spectrum and produces the Purkinje shift, a phenomenon relatively infrequently observed in the theatre.
8. Two heavy manila envelopes were used as containers
for each batch of samples.
9. Cinabex No. 2 varied less than 1 % from Cinemoid
No.2, a deliberate substitution to compare the two
manufacturers' products, rather than selecting Cinabex
No. 33.
10.ln a comparison of the new Brigham gelatine No. 17,
special lavender, with Fig. 2.1, an overlap with Trials
2 and 3 in the blue and red areas of the profile was
noticed, but it was lower by 10 to 12% in the greenyellow-orange 500 to 600 nm. area where a higher
transmission begins to wash out the lavender color. This
suggests that after a two year storage period or longer
(spring, '64 and fall, '66) this type of medium may be
less lavender in color, but loses only 10% of its holding power even if stored as long as 8 years. Results
for the Cinabex No. 36, pale lavender, when compared
with Fig. 25 are found to be identical with Trial 2 in
the blue area, between Trials 1 and 3 in the central
zone and identical with Trial 3 in the red area. The new
samples of Brigham gelatine No. 37, dark blue, were
only 2 % above Trial 3 in the blue, and identical in the
neutral zone, as 'vvell as in the red low luminous efficiency areas, between Trials 1 and 3.
1 1 .Amber revealed no variation beyond 1 %; lavender (fig.
2.51. less than 5% in the blue area and around 6 % in
the red area, none in the neutral zone; and in the blue
media comparison (Fig. 2.10) less than 4% in the blue
area.

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