IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - April 2021 - 13

M€aurer et al.

Figure 5.
Trajectory, speed, and altitude of secure GBAS via LDACS experimental flights. The location of the ground station is marked " GS-OP " for
Ground-Station Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich, Germany. (a) Flight 1. (b) Flight 2.

shadowing. We achieved all of these prerequisites, as shown
in Figure 5. Takeoff was on April 2, 2019 at 14:03 UTC, touch
down at 16:06 UTC, with a total flight time of 7424 s and
1291 km covered with the trajectory depicted in Figure 5(b).

RESULTS
The quality of GBAS is determined by its availability. We use
" GAST-C " and " GAST-D " availability according to RTCA
DO-253D [19].
We start with a detailed view around the airport, measuring the GBAS correction age in Figure 6. The figure shows
GBAS correction age during arrival, departure (flight 1),
three go-arounds (flight 2), and taxiing. Throughout taxiing
and after takeoff, still close to the airport, we experienced

stable performance with GBAS data correction ages well
below the requirements (GAST-D: 1.5 s, GAST-C: 3.5 s)
with a single short (10 s) LDACS outage during one of the
go-arounds. Note that taxiways and runways are covered
although the ground-station antenna is shadowed by a hangar
building. Figure 6(b) shows the availability of the GBAS solutions over the entire course of flight 2. We see that in most
situations during flight 2, we had GAST-D coverage implying
a GBAS correction age of less than 2 s. Analyzing the median
and 95% percentile (P95% ) of the correction age in Table 2,
these observations are confirmed.
Note that in experiments 01-03, one GBAS message
was fragmented into five LDACS packets. In experiments
04-06, a more efficient message format was used. No
fragmentation was needed in these experiments. This
resulted in lower correction ages for flight 2.

Figure 6.
(a) Age of GBAS correction data around EDMO airport. (b) GBAS availability during flight 2.

APRIL 2021

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

13



IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - April 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - April 2021

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