IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - April 2021 - 64

Dr. Michael C. Wicks-A Celebration

FREQUENCY DIVERSE ARRAYS
MIke had long investigated the relationships between time,
frequency, and space in space-time adaptive processing on
receive, and later investigated the idea of adaptive transmit
through waveform diversity. He then combined that earlier
work with directional modulation to explore the idea of
range-dependent beamforming, that a signal could cohere
differently at various ranges within a single beamwidth. The
concept of the frequency diverse array was presented publically for the first time at the 2006 IEEE Radar Conference in
Verona, NY, USA. In its simplest form, the frequency
diverse array applies a linear phase progression across the
aperture. This linear phase progression induces an electronic
beam scan, as in a conventional phased array. When an additional linear frequency shift is applied across the elements, a
new term is generated which results in a scan angle that
varies with range in the far-field. This provides more flexible
beam scan options, as well as providing resistance to point
interference such as multipath. More general implementations provide greater degrees of freedom for space-time-frequency-phase-polarization control, and the topic has gained
increasing interest since the initial publication.

64

REFERENCES
[1] G. Capraro, A. Farina, H. D. Griffiths, and M. C. Wicks,
Special Issue on Knowledge-Based Systems for Adaptive
Radar Detection, Tracking, and Classification, IEEE
Signal Process. Mag., vol. 23, no. 1, Jan. 2006.
[2] M. C. Wicks, J. F. Spina, and G. Capraro, " Radar the next
generation-Sensors as robots, " in Proc. IEEE Radar

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

Conf., 2003, pp. 8-14.

APRIL 2021



IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - April 2021

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