Image licensed by Ingram Publishing for these new roles remain the same in that they benefit from exploiting the location, size, and available power through the primary antenna. Traditional maritime platform radar roles are as follows. AAW: self-defense, area defense Anti-surface warfare (ASuW) Anti-submarine warfare (ASW): periscope detection Air traffic control (ATC) Situational awareness (SA) Navigation Gun fire support Missile guidance: communications, continuouswave target illumination for semi-active missiles Potential roles are as follows. Ballistic missile defense (BMD) Communication Identification friend or foe EA ESM Weather/environmental assessment Covert surveillance (passive radar) Adapted from [4], Table 1 shows a set of functions that an MFRFS can reasonably be expected to possess to fulfill these roles, along with typical requirements on the MFRFS to achieve these roles. The frequency and bandwidth describe the waveforms these functions receive and transmit. The dynamic range is the ratio between the strongest and weakest signals each element must be able to simultaneously receive. The equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) describes the directed power required; high EIRPs can be achieved through a combination of a narrow transmit beamwidth and a high transmit power. CHALLENGES IN THE USE OF AN MFR The key concept in MFR usage is the ability to maintain performance against each role whilst using a flexible approach. The current procurement strategy is, however, to highly prioritize roles such as AAW and demand a certain performance in order to support the weapon system against a set of targets. The challenge of an MFRFS is to meet the required performance but with the energy and time budget available to undertake other roles. Figure 1. Royal Navy Type 45 destroyer equipped with a long-range radar (left mast) and a SAMPSON multifunctional radar (right mast). ß QinetiQ. APRIL 2022 IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 7