Aerospace and Electronic Systems - August 2018 - 40

Artificial Neural Networks

Figure 2.

Representation of the plate: the dotted line defines the boundary
of the supports, while the four red stars identify the location of the
sensors.

Figure 4.

Positions for the impacts used to train the Neural Network in the
reconstruction of the force time history: the black continuous line
identifies the plate, the dashed line the position of the supports, the
four stars are the sensors, and the nine black squares the impact
locations.

Figure 3.

Comparison between numerical (red) and experimental (blue) forces.

The plate was modelled by 37,960 linear hexahedral elements
(SC8R, which is an 8-node quadrilateral in-plane general-purpose
continuum shell element [28]).
The impactor is a cylinder with a hemispheric head of 10 mm
of radius. Its mass is 2.41 kg and it was simulated as a discrete-element rigid body with 1,000 linear quadrilateral elements (R3D4, a
4-node 3D bilinear rigid quadrilateral element). The impactor can
move only in the Z direction (all the other degrees of freedom are
constrained) and the impact is defined by a hard contact penalty
formulation [28].

The numerical simulations have been performed using the
commercial software Abaqus/Complete Abaqus Environment
(CAE). A first simulation was carried out to verify the validity of
the model: the impact force obtained by the finite element method
(FEM) model was compared to that of the experimental impact test
in [11] with a drop height of 33 mm (corresponding to an impact
velocity of 0.78 m/s). The computed impact force time history is
in good agreement with the experimental one, as it can be seen in
Figure 3, where the peak force and the duration of the contact force
are properly captured.
A series of impacts were simulated to train an ANN to reconstruct the impact force time history. For this reason, 54 impact
simulations were performed, and the four sensor signal data were
collected with a sampling frequency of 20 kHz. These simulations have been set with the aim of having both a spatial grid and
a sampling frequency as trade-offs between an acceptable simulation time and a reasonably detailed time-history of the signals. The
mass of the impactor was kept fixed at 2.41 kg, while its impact
velocities were varied as listed in Table 2.
The positions of the impacts are shown in Figure 4, for each
impact location six simulations with different impact velocities
were carried out.

Table 2.

Values of Impact Velocity
Impact Velocity (m/s)

40

0.78

1.02

1.2

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

1.35

1.49

1.62

AUGUST 2018



Aerospace and Electronic Systems - August 2018

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Aerospace and Electronic Systems - August 2018

Contents
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