Aerospace and Electronic Systems - August 2019 - 41

Saha et al.
Æ 0.1314. Shannon Entropy is
given by
M
X
k¼1

pk log 2

1
pk

(1)

where, pk is the probability of
occurrence of a message, M the
total number of distinct messages.
 String length: 128 characters
(except DES, 64 characters).

Figure 4.
Weighted attack surface of selected ciphers.

optimized version of Carry Save Montgomery multiplication algorithm to evaluate the public key.
The weighted attack surface [81] of proposed ciphers,
evaluated from all of the attacks summarized, is shown in
Figure 4. Only the most significant of all attacks discussed
are shown.

PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED CIPHERS ON
CIPHERDUINO
Figure 5 shows the memory footprint (dynamic memory +
program storage space) of selected ciphers in Cipherduino.
No heritage implementation of IDEA was found for 8-bit
microcontrollers and, hence, left out of this analysis. However, an implementation of IDEA was found for microcomputers and analyzed later.
Figure 6 shows the mean throughput in kB/s and
encryption/decryption time in microseconds of selected
ciphers in Cipherduino for both encryption and decryption
processes. The particulars of the input stream and keys are
as follows.
 Mean Shannon Entropy (average of the individual
Shannon Entropy) [82] of the input streams): 3.15

Figure 5.
Memory footprint of selected ciphers in Cipherduino.

AUGUST 2019

 Key size: AES: 128 bits, RSA:
1024 bits, PRESENT: 80 bits, DES: 64 bits.
The energy consumption (microjoules per byte) of
software implementations on 8-bit AVR microcontroller
systems (similar to Cipherduino) of proposed ciphers,
found in the literature [83], [84], is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 8 illustrates the throughput of selected ciphers
implemented on a microcomputer, including IDEA.
Figure 9 shows the memory footprint (program size on
disk) of selected ciphers implemented on a microcomputer, including IDEA.
From Figure 5, we can see that AES requires the largest amount of storage, whereas DES requires the least
amount on storage on Cipherduino; however, in Figure 6,
PRESENT provided the greatest throughput only by a
small fraction compared to AES. RSA and DES had low
throughputs compared to AES, compatible with the results
from Figure 8. The particular implementation of PRESENT used in Cipherduino requires a larger memory footprint than DES, as seen in Figure 5, compared to the
computer implementation of PRESENT in Figure 9.
In Figure 8, IDEA and AES shows higher throughput
than other ciphers. However, the deviation from mean
throughput is also higher for these ciphers. Theoretically,
AES is supposed to show a higher throughput than IDEA;

Figure 6.
Throughput (kB/s), encryption and decryption time (in microseconds) of selected ciphers in Cipherduino.

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

41



Aerospace and Electronic Systems - August 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Aerospace and Electronic Systems - August 2019

Contents
Aerospace and Electronic Systems - August 2019 - Cover1
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