IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - August 2023 - 42

The Moonshine Pulse Repeater Jammer
was not feasible at that time). A general view of the
three Moonshine units is shown in Figure 5.
RECEIVER
The receiver and transmitter were both installed in the
HF unit. The receiver is shown in Figure 6. The valves
(tubes) shown in the figure were
V19 : VR137, triode mixer 116-136 MHz,
V20 : VR137, local oscillator;
V21 : VR56, first IF amplifier on 20 MHz (with preset
gain control);
Figure 4.
(a) Visualization of a Moonshine response with 5-mile range
extent and modulation depth B. (b) Real returns from 30 Spitfires
spread over 5 miles [4], [5].
over 5 miles, taken from a Chain Home Low station having
a pulse length similar to Freya, but operating on 200
MHz with horizontal polarization.
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
The following sections describe in more detail the operation
of the Moonshine equipment. The hardware units
were all built by TRE and only a few tens of systems
would have entered service. In 1942, it comprised the following
three units:
1) HF unit (containing receiver and transmitter),
2) pulse unit (keying and modulation of the transmitter
and suppression of the receiver during transmission),
and
3) power unit (positive and negative voltage stabilized
supplies).
These were fitted in three boxes, each 9 8 18 in,
with a total weight of 74 lb. Power consumption was 180
W from a 1500 c.p.s. generator.
When installedinaBoultonPaulDefiantaircraftof
Fighter Command (see Figure 3), the equipment used a
/4 dipole antenna with a common transmit and receive
arrangement. The dipole was connected directly to the
transmitter and to the receiver through a high-pass filter
unit. The filter unit was intended to prevent reception
by the receiver of signals at the IF frequency of 20
MHz (ideally, there would also have been a filter to prevent
transmission of the local oscillator signal but that
42
V22 : VR65, second IF amplifier;
V23 : VR92, diode rectifier;
V24 : VR56, cathode follower pulse output to the pulse
unit;
V25 : VR92, diode used to distort output to a sawtooth
for audio monitoring;
V26 : VR56, audio amplifier for audio monitoring.
The receiver provided an 8 V pulse output for an input
of 10 mV peak RF from a 35 V antenna source feeding
through 14 ft. 6 in. of Uniradio No. 4 feeder cable. It also
provided an audio monitoring output for the operator. The
receiver tuning control was on the front panel of the HF
unit and would usually have been set up for each equipment
at the start of a mission.
TRANSMITTER
The transmitter is shown in Figure 7. It comprised an
oscillator and an output frequency-doubler stage.
Figure 5.
Moonshine units [4], [5].
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
AUGUST 2023

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - August 2023

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