IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - December 2022 - 23

Panigrahi et al.
Table 2.
and aquatic mediums is quantified by a proposed ranking
metric (Z) as mentioned in the following:
Z ¼ wTaðÞTa þwTw
ðÞTw þwDa
þwDwðÞ1Dw þws sðÞ
ðÞ1Da
(14)
where Ta; Tw; Da; Dw; and s are the normalized
parameters representing the aerial thrust, underwater
thrust, propeller deflection in air, propeller deflection
in water and cavitation number, respectively. Here,
wTa
, wTw , wDa , wDw , and ws are the individual
weights assigned for aerial thrust, underwater thrust,
propeller deflection in air, propeller deflection in water,
and cavitation number, respectively. The ranking metric
(Z) as shown in (14) is maximized when a propeller
generates more aerial and underwater thrust while
DECEMBER 2022
minimizing propeller deflection and cavitation. The
weights are assigned keeping in consideration that the
propeller is intended to be utilized in biphasic flow,
therefore equal and maximum weightage (wTa
wTw ¼ 0.3) is given for both aerial and underwater
¼
thrust, followed by cavitation number (ws ¼ 0.2),
which has detrimental effects on propeller performance.
Propeller deflection in the air, and water is
given equal weightage (wDa
¼ wDw ¼ 0.1), which is
the smallest given that both airborne and submerged
operations resulted in propeller tip deflections that
are well within safe permissible limits of a few
millimeters.
The overall ranking score for all the propellers (Di x
pi) is summarized in Table 2. One intriguing fact that can
be observed from Table 2 is even changes in pitch for a
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
23

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - December 2022

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