IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - December 2022 - 8

Joint Multi-UAV Deployments for Air-Ground Integrated Networks
Figure 3.
Optimal deployment results. (a) Optimal coverage areas ofUAVs. (b) Optimal height ofUAVs.
Figure 4.
Optimal deployment model for mobile UAV BSs.
of a single UAV, multiple UAVs are required to form multihop
cooperative communication to ensure long-distance
transmission performance.
UAV-relaying cooperative communication needs to
consider the number of UAVs, relay quality and connectivity.
Therefore, the key to guarantee the cooperative
communication performance is to select the number of
cooperative UAVs and deployment locations of UAV
relays. Our goal is to minimize the number of UAVs and
the communication outage probability by determining the
deployment locations of UAVs, subject to the constraints
of the communication distance between users and the
UAV power. In addition, other deployment constraints
may also be considered. For example, the deployment of
8
UAVs should avoid the shadow areas to ensure reliable
cooperative communication; there should be an LoS path
between any adjacent UAVs to avoid communication disconnection
in the relay link; any UAV should be placed at
the only deployment location.
In the cooperative communication link, we need
consider two channel states: the air-to-air channels
between UAVs conform to free space loss, and the airto-ground
channels between UAV and ground user are
affected by the scattering and fading near the ground
users, as shown in Figure 6. In the air-to-ground link,
LoS link loss LLoS and non-LoS (NLoS) link loss
LNLoS appear in the probabilities of PðuÞ and 1
PðuÞ, respectively. PðuÞ is decided by the elevation
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
DECEMBER 2022

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - December 2022

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IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - December 2022 - Cover1
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