IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - February 2022 - 15

Yang et al.
Figure 5.
Final epoch 3-D distance errors over days for 2014-2015. (a)-(d) Average final epoch 3-D distance errors of each 10 days for all available
samples, respectively. OP results without drag calculation are represented by red curves; MSISE90 OP results are represented by green
curves; MSISE00 OP results are represented by blue curves; JB2008 OP results are represented by cyan curves; DTM2013 OP results are
represented by pink curves; OP results by the proposed model are represented by black curves.
days in 2018-2019 present up to 45 m for the no-drag
model, while those in 2014-2015 come to approximately
160 m. For each 10-day window of each AMD model, the
final epoch 3-D distance errors are stable with respect to
different Cd samples. For example, the STD values for the
3-D distance errors over forty days during 2018-2019 are
0:434 m, 0:539 m, 0:555 m, 0:680 m, 0:619 m, 0:670 m
for no-drag, MSISE90, MSISE00, JB2008, DTM2013,
and the proposed model, respectively, while those values
for the 2014-2015 period are 0:706 m, 1:145 m, 0:932 m,
2:024 m, 0:860 m, 0:818 m. Hence, it illustrates that the
uncertainty associated with Cd is not the major factor that
affects drag calculation for COSMIC satellites, and Monte
Carlo simulations using the reference mean and STD
Figure 6.
Final epoch 3-D distance errors over days for 2018-2019.
FEBRUARY 2022
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
15

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - February 2022

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