IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - February 2022 - 45

Lei et al.
number of feeds. Until now, HTSs are scarcely applied
in the MFPB method, so the HTS application of MFPB
is a hot research spot to be continued in the future. HTS
missions loaded multibeam antenna systems mostly
used SFPB method with multiaperture reflectors up to
now. And Express-AMU1 was the classical and successful
application of the MFPB method.
From IPSTAR (the first real HTS satellite) to ViaSat2,
the whole satellite capacity increased from 45 Gb/s to
260 Gb/s. With more capacity per satellite, the cost per b/s
can be much lower. And then new technologies of unfurlable
reflectors and beam-hopping method have developed
rapidly in recent years, which are helpful to get narrower
beams. The number ofbeam in a single HTS will be in the
order of hundreds or even thousands. In the future, performance
and capacity of multibeam satellite systems will be
promoted continuously with the ability of covering larger
areas on the earth.
REFERENCES
[1] A.R.Cherrette, S. W.Lee,and R.J. Acosta, " A
method for producing a shaped contour radiation pattern
using a single shaped reflector and a single feed, "
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 37, no. 6,
pp. 698-706, Jun. 1989.
[2] Y. Guan, F. Geng, and J. H. Saleh, " Review of high
throughput satellites: Market disruptions, affordabilitythroughput
map, and the cost per bit/second decision tree, "
IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 64-
80, May 2019.
[3] S. K. Rao, " Design and analysis ofmultiple-beam reflector
antennas, " IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 41, no. 4,
pp. 53-59, Aug. 1999.
[4] M. Schneider, C. Hartwanger, E. Sommer, and H. Wolf,
" The multiple spot beam antenna project " Medusa " , " in
Proc. 3rd Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag., 2009, pp. 726-
729.
[5] Y. Demers et al., " Ka-band user antennas for VHTS GEO
applications, " in Proc. 11th Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag.,
2017, pp. 2418-2422.
[6] D. L. Doan, E. Amyotte, C. Mok, and J. Uher, " Anik-F2
Ka-band transmit multibeam antenna, " in Proc. 10th Int.
Symp. Antenna Technol. Appl. Electromagn. URSI Conf.,
2004, pp. 1-4.
[7] S. K. Rao, " Parametric design and analysis of multiplebeam
reflector antennas for satellite communications, "
IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 26-34,
Aug. 2003.
[8] M. Dankberg and E. Hudson, " VIASAT: On a mission to
deliver the world's lowest-cost satellite bandwidth, " in
Proc. Recent Successful Satell. Syst.: Vis. Future, 2017,
pp. 105-134. [Online]. Available: https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/
abs/10.2514/5.9781624104053.0105.0134
FEBRUARY 2022
[9] T. Sawekpun, " The iPSTAR broadband satellite project, "
in Proc. 21st Int. Commun. Satell. Syst. Conf. Exhibit,
2003, pp. 1-10.
[10] K. Gunter, " iPStar 1 (Thaicom 4, MEASAT 5, synertone
1), " 2018. [Online]. Available: https://space.skyrocket.de/
doc_sdat/ipstar-1.htm
[11] G. Lui, " Satellite hunting: AsiaSat 4 (122 E), Thaicom 4
(119 E) & AsiaSat 3S (118 E), " 2015. [Online]. Available:
https://goughlui.com/2015/04/03/satellite-hunting-asiasat4-122-e-thaicom-4-119-e-asiasat-3s-118-e/
[12]
R. J. F. Fang, " Broadband IP transmission over SPACEWAY
satellite with on-board processing and switching, "
in Proc. IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf., 2011, pp. 1-5.
[13] Hughes, " SPACEWAY 3, " 2020. [Online]. Available:
https://www.hughes.com/technologies/hughes-highthroughput-satellite-constellation/spaceway-3
[14]
Montana Satellite Services, " Satellite footprints - Ka-band, "
2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.montanasatellite.
com/support/satellite-footprints-ka-band/
[15] K. Gunter, " HYLAS 1, " 2017. [Online]. Available: https://
space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hylas.htm
[16] European Space Aagency, " Hylas-1 advances European
telecom technology, " Website, 2010. [Online]. Available:
https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_
Engineering_Technology/Hylas-1_advances_European_
telecom_technology
[17] K. Gunter, " HYLAS 2, " 2017. [Online]. Available: https://
space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hylas-2.htm
[18] Biztechafrica, " New satellite to delivermore business broadband, "
2012, [Online]. Available: https://www.biztechafrica.
com/article/new-satellite-deliver-more-business-broadband/
1941/
[19] H. Fenech, T. Amos, and Soumpholphkakdy, " KA-SAT
and future HTS systems, " in Proc. IEEE 14th Int. Vac.
Electron. Conf., 2013, pp. 1-2.
[20] P. B. de Selding, " Ka-Sat enters service as European
broadband market heats up, " 2011. [Online]. Available:
https://spacenews.com/ka-sat-enters-service-europeanbroadband-market-heats/
[21]
VISAT Ltd., " KA-SAT the link, " 2013. [Online]. Available:
http://visat.bg/en/Activation%20of%20Link%
20to%20KA-SAT
[22] K. Gunter, " Inmarsat-5 F1, 2, 3, 4 (GX 1, 2, 3, 4), " 2019.
[Online]. Available: https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/
inmarsat-5.htm
[23] T. Nichols, " First inmarsat 5 global xpress satellite
successfully completes system life test, " 2013. [Online].
Available: https://www.satellitetoday.com/business/2013/
09/18/first-inmarsat-5-global-xpress-satellite-successfullycompletes-system-life-test/
[24]
K. Gunter, " Inmarsat-5 F5 (GX 5), " 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/inmarsat-5-5.htm
[25] P. Angeletti and M. Lisi, " Multimode beamforming networks
for space applications, " IEEE Antennas Propag.
Mag., vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 62-78, Feb. 2014.
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
45
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - February 2022
