IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - February 2023 - 30

Review of Terahertz Antenna Technology for Science Missions in Space
THZ ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR GEOSTAR (ATMOSPHERIC
REMOTE SENSING)
Figure 27.
Schematics of the MetOp-SG MWS instruments [28], [29].
may come in 2022. MetOp-SG consists of two series of
satellites and will carry three microwave radiometers
onboard, namely, microwave sounder (MWS), microwave
imager (MWI), and ice cloud imager (ICI) as shown in
Figures 27-29. The main objective includes temperature
and humidity measurements, cloud and precipitation
observations, cloud ice retrieval, etc.
The MWS instrument is a 24-channel microwave radiometer,
covering a frequency range from 23.8 GHz up to
230 GHz. It has a single rotating antenna (35 cm), a fixed
subreflector, and a QON. It is worth mentioning that the fabrication
of FSS in the QON employed semiconductor processing
techniques. The MWI instrument is a 26-channel
conical scanning microwave radiometer, covering a frequency
range from 18.7 GHz up to 183.31 GHz. The MWI
antenna system includes the main reflector antenna (70 cm)
and the feed cluster (seven feed horns). The ICI instrument
has 13 channels, covering a frequency range from 183 GHz
up to 664 GHz. Like the MWI, the ICI antenna system consists
ofa single offset reflector and the feed cluster. The feed
cluster has seven horns which are distributed in two rows.
In MetOp-SG mission, the MWS instrument has 24 channels
which covers a wide frequency range. Tomanage somany
channels, a quasi-optical network could be a good solution.
The Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Aperture Radiometer
(GeoSTAR) [30] of NASA's Precipitation and All-weather
Temperature and Humidity (PATH) mission provides a new
approach to microwave atmospheric sounding. GeoSTAR
will operate in the geostationary earth orbit, which can continuously
monitor a large area of the Earth's surface and
atmosphere. It has two millimeter-wave bands: a band near
50 GHz for tropospheric temperature sounding, and a band
near 183 GHz for water vapor sounding and rain mapping.
GeoSTAR uses a two-dimensional sparse array of
receiving elements deployed in a " Y " configuration to synthesize
a large aperture. The system can image the scene in
two dimensions without requiring scanning. A GeoSTAR
prototype has been completed as shown in Figure 30.
THZ ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR GAS (ATMOSPHERIC
REMOTE SENSING)
The Geostationary Atmospheric Sounder (GAS) [31]
shown in Figure 31 is being developed by Saab Space AB
and Omnisys AB, Sweden, and funded by ESA. It will be
placed into GEO like the GeoSTAR instrument. GAS
Figure 28.
Schematics of the MetOp-SG ICI instruments [28], [29].
Figure 29.
Schematics of the MetOp-SG MWI instruments [28], [29].
30
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
FEBRUARY 2023

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - February 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - February 2023

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IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - February 2023 - Contents
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