IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - January 2021 - 3

PATH PLANNING USING PROBABILITY TENSOR FLOWS
Probability models are emerging as a promising framework to account for " intelligent " behavior. In this
article, probability propagation is discussed to model agent's motion in potentially complex grids that
include goals and obstacles. Tensor messages in the state-action space (due to grid structure, states are
2-D and the concomitant probability distributions are represented by 3-D arrays), propagated bi-directionally on a Markov chain, provide crucial information to guide the agent's decisions. The discussion is
carried out with reference to a set of simulated grids and includes scenarios with multiple goals and
multiple agents.The visualization of the tensor flow reveals interesting clues about how decisions are
made by the agents. The emerging behaviors are very realistic and demonstrate great potential for
the application of this framework to real environments.

ON-CHIP-ANTENNAS: NEXT MILESTONE IN THE BIG WORLD OF SMALL SATELLITES-A
SURVEY OF POTENTIALS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Small satellites have revolutionized the space industry because of their variety of benefits over
large satellites. Antennas are one of the key components of the small satellites, whose performance
is very crucial for the overall performance of the satellite-based wireless systems. The stringent
requirements of modern small satellites, such as the small size and mass, low-power, low-loss,
and low-cost dictate the need for the alternative antenna technologies, as the traditionally employed
off-chip antenna technology faces a number of severe constraints to meet this set of requirements.
On-chip-antennas (OCAs) are one of such promising choices, which are more favorable than
off-chip antennas in this respect. This article, therefore, presents a comprehensive survey of OCA
capabilities for modern small satellite (micro-satellite, mini-satellite, nano-satellite, pico-satellite,
femto-satellite, cubsat) applications for the first time. A number of key challenges posed by OCAs
for small satellite applications are investigated and discussed analytically. The article also
delineates a few future perspectives in this regard. This article will not only highlight a number of
novel research opportunities for the relevant researchers but also urge them to propose innovative
solutions for OCA design challenges for these applications.

JANUARY 2021

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

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IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - January 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - January 2021

Contents
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - January 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - January 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - January 2021 - Contents
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - January 2021 - 2
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - January 2021 - 3
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IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - January 2021 - Cover3
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