IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023 - 55

referred to as " Silent Sentry. " This was followed by further
products from industries and research institutes. Without
claiming to be exhaustive, among them are the long-range
PR system TwinVis from Hensoldt (Germany); the
AULOS PCR from Leonardo (Italy); the Ground Alerter
100 radar from Thales (France); the Passive Surveillance
ESM Tracker (PET) VERA-NG from ERA (Czech Republic);
the PARASOL, LORA, and SABBIA systems from
Fraunhofer Institute (Germany), in some cases sharing the
use with FFI (Norway); and the System PaRaDe from Warsaw
University of Technology (Poland). The interested
reader is also referred to [2], [4], [19] for more complete
descriptions.
Academic activity and industrial developments considered
the use of different types of illuminators, both
ground-based transmitters [analogue FM-radio, digital
audio broadcast (DAB), digital video broadcast-terrestrial
(DVB-T), cell-phone base stations, and WiFi], and satellite-borne
transmitters (GNSS, DVB-S). As shown in
Figure 2, depending on the considered operative scenario,
some illuminators of opportunity (IOs) were demonstrated
to be more suitable than others.
Figure 1.
Number of research documents per year on PR.
Figure 2.
Illuminators ofopportunity for PR.
JANUARY 2023
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
55

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023

Contents
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023 - Cover1
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023 - Cover2
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023 - Contents
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IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023 - Cover3
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