IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023 - 59

Colone et al.
Figure 5.
DVB-T-based PR for drone detection: (a) acquisition geometry; target detection results in (b) bistatic range-velocity plane and (c) X-Yplane.
Copyright ß IET. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission from [37].
continental) coverage could enable surveillance in remote
areas not covered by ground-based transmitters and offers
potentialities for short-range persistent area monitoring. The
permanent availability of signal sources in remote areas is of
great interest for maritime surveillance applications. Indeed,
open sea areas cannot be reached by the radio waves emitted
by ground-based transmitters but are in the scope offew satellite
sources. This also applies to coastal or river navigation in
scarcely populated remote areas. The system concept is
sketched in Figure 6 and is based on the exploitation ofsatellite
transmitters (GNSS in the figure) and passive receivers on
the coast or on amoored buoy.
In this frame, the " GNSS-Based Ship Targets Detection "
section describes maritime moving target detection by means
of GNSS-based PR while the " GNSS-Based Ship Target
Imaging " section considers the possible exploitation of the
space-based sources (both GNSS and DVB-S) to image the
detected target in order to enable classification/recognition
for a complete surveillance. Finally, potentialities for shortrange
persistent area monitoring are shown in the " DVBS-Based
PR for Critical Infrastructure Protection " section
where DVB-S is exploited for the detection of small-size
JANUARY 2023
intruding vehicles approaching critical infrastructures.
Despite the focus ofthis section is on the detection and imaging
of moving targets, it is worth to highlight that satellitebased
IOs have long been exploited for passive SAR imaging,
particularly in the case ofGNSS: the interested reader is
referred to [39] and references therein for more on this topic.
GNSS-BASED SHIP TARGETS DETECTION
Navigation satellites are particularly suited for maritime/river
surveillance: the generic constellation guarantees a persistent
coverage ofany point on the Earth (even at the poles) from six
to eight satellites simultaneously; this number could rise up to
32 satellites with all the four global systems (GPS, GLONASS,
Galileo, and BeiDou) in full capacity.
As example, Figure 7 shows a pictorial view of an
experimental campaign carried out near Bonn, Germany,
to monitor the traffic over the river Rhine [40], [41]. During
the specific acquisition, four targets were in the field
of view of the radar antenna: two passenger ships Godesia
and Filia Rheni, moving away from the receiver, and the
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
59

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023

Contents
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023 - Cover1
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023 - Cover2
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - January 2023 - Contents
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