IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - July 2020 - 21

Davarian et al.

Figure 9.
KaTENna 1.0-m Ka-band deployable mesh reflector antenna with 49.2 dBi gain. Photograph shows the breadboard unit in JPL Mesa antenna
test facility.

Several emerging CubeSat antenna technologies promise to provide larger apertures or reduced stowage volume.
MMA design has developed a family of membrane antennas
that offer low mass density and very compact stowage. For
example, a 1m2 T-DaHGR stows in 1U volume [38]. JPL
also continues to explore new antenna deployment mechanism designs aimed at achieving larger apertures. The
OMERA (One Meter Reflectarray Antenna) [39] attempts
to extend the folded panel reflectarray concept developed
for ISARA and MarCO to a larger size by adding additional
panels and hinges. Another promising development is the
LADeR (Large Aperture Deployable Reflectarray) which is
an Origami-inspired folded X-band reflectarray that deploys
to create a 1.5 m Â 1.5 m aperture with an impressive aerial
mass density of 0.8 kg/m2. A breadboard LADeR antenna
demonstrated nearly 40 dBi gain [40].

MICROSAT ANTENNAS
In contrast to CubeSat deployable antennas, comparatively little work has been done to develop antennas for
MicroSats and MiniSats. The launch stowage volume is
larger, and antenna stowage configurations are more flexible because the satellite is not constrained to fit within a
predetermined rectangular parallelepiped form factor. For
JULY 2020

example, the EELV Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA)8
presents a wedge-shaped volume with considerable stowage flexibility. There are various sizes (standard ESPA,
ESPA Grande, and Stretched ESPA) and available volume
can vary depending on launch vehicle [41], [42]. The
larger stowage volume can potentially accommodate a traditional composite reflector antenna. However, in most
cases a low mass deployable antenna is preferred in order
to maximize volume for the spacecraft.
A recent trend is to adapt CubeSat HGAs for use in
ESPA MicroSats. The L3Harris Technologies HCR is
available in sizes from 2-5 m with stowage optimized for
ESPA [35]. The Tendeg KaTENna is currently being
scaled to 2-5 m diameter apertures for ESPA class satellites [36]. Alternatively, antennas for large satellites may
also be redesigned to support small satellite missions.
L3Harris adapted their Advanced Perimeter Truss deployable mesh reflector technology to create the SmallSat
Perimeter Truss reflector, which is designed to efficiently
stow an antenna up to 4 m diameter in typical SmallSat

8

ESPA is a payload adapter ring for launching secondary payloads
on EELV-class orbital launch vehicles. EELV stands for Evolved
Expendable Launch Vehicle, a U.S. Air Force launch vehicle
program.

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

21

IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - July 2020

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