IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - July 2020 - 59

Wang et al.

Figure 23.
Cross section of the rectangular grooved heat pipe developed by
Alcatel Company.

Figure 21.
Thermal control system.

Figure 22.
Grooved heat pipe cross section with the channel shape of V.

Figure 24.
Cross section of the new heat pipe developed by Alcatel
Company.

antenna array to minimize the impact of external instable
heat flow. Under low temperature conditions, the temperature compensation of the heating technology is also a new
measure in addition to the heat-insulated package technology. For instance, the ASAR antenna on the ENVISAT
satellite of ESA adopted a new method of thin-film heating for the temperature compensation (see Figure 25) in
case the antenna are kept too cold [95].

MEMS TECHNOLOGY

Figure 25.

The development of MEMS technology provides a new
way to solve the problem of high heat flux density and
small size heat dissipation in the satellite antenna system.
The American military has conducted a number of studies
on MEMS applications in phased array antenna systems,
and one of the objectives is to develop a new type of ultralow cost and low-power light phased array antenna [96].
Here, not only is MEMS involved in the thermal control
technology, but it also has a phase shifter and other programs. Figure 26 shows the miniature loop heat pipe based
on the MEMS technology in the project of "Lab On A
Chip" developed by NASA [97]. Shea [98] mentions that
the light and miniature phase shifter switch in spaceborne
T/R modules with MEMS technology not only provides
the benefits of small size, high isolation, low insertion
loss, wide frequency band, low processing cost, and easy
integration with IC, but it also reduces the power consumption of the control circuit, which can effectively
reduce the heat flux density of antennas. From another
aspect, the whole thermal control system can be processed
or installed on the circuit board through the MEMS
JULY 2020

Thin-film heater bands on ASAR antenna.

processing technology so as to realize the integration of
the microthermal control system based on MEMS. In contrast to the traditional electromechanical system, MEMS
technology can take the miniaturization, multifunction,
intelligence, and reliability level of information system to
a new height, which has a broader range of applications in
the field of satellites.

FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
For antenna and aerospace engineers, although the study
of space deployable active phased array antenna is a long
and complex process, it is full of interesting challenges. In
the future, the four directions deserving attention of
deployable active phased array antenna structure are discussed as follows.
1) Space antenna structural design and performance
test based on electromechanical coupling field

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

59



IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - July 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine - July 2020

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