IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 15

D€astner et al.
Commercials ADS-B data already deliver a lot of
information that gives the possibility to build an ADS-B
dictionary. Related to the ICAO code of an aircraft, e.g.,
the aircraft model, airline/fleet, manufacturer, military
flag, and helicopter flag are available. This applies also to
AIS where, e.g., the ship type, e.g., sailing, fishing, tanker,
cargo, pleasure boat, etc., the ship size, and the cargo type
can be queried with a known MMSI or IMO code.
The parallel processing framework Spark allows
extracting further statistics fast and effectively and in
combination with the clustering techniques, additional statistics
and events can be extracted as follows.
Figure 14.
Some port connections of Hamburg based on one-month
AIS data.
harbors/airports, as shown in Figure 14. There all connections
between the port of Hamburg and other ports are
shown, which were recognized based on one-month AIS
data. This finally opens the door to data mining and relational
graphs.
Besides the extraction of areas of interest, this
processing leads to the partition of trajectories into
graphs, where the vertices (nodes) correspond to the
areas of interest and the edges to the subtrajectories
with known starting and end node. So, this processing
ends up in an inherent pattern of life analysis of the
trajectory's objects.
Graph databases are widely used in the big data environment
where relational patterns need to be detected
very fast, e.g., social media or audio and video media,
which suggest friends, songs, and movies based on recognized
patterns. They are also very useful in the surveillance
domain for the investigations of relations between
events and objects.
Object related: mean- and maximum-speed, area
arrivals and departures, flight times, ground times,
homebase identification, etc.
Area related: entry/leave/ground count, ground
times, connections, etc.
Objects, areas, and events are related to each other in a
graph. Figure 15 shows a designed graph model designed
as an unified modeling language (UML) diagram. Such
database allows queries for similar patterns regarding
events and involved objects filtered by, e.g., time, location,
or even a free text. It is, therefore, a different
approach to find associated data.
TIME SERIES OF CLUSTER CONNECTIONS
If the individual trajectories of the objects are separated at
the ports or airports, a set of trajectory segments that connect
two end points to one another is obtained for each aircraft
or ship. This leads to the identification of departures,
arrivals, and dwell times, but also to the extraction of individual
travel tours or flights.
Figure 15.
Example for a graph data model related to ADS-B and AIS.
JULY 2021
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
15

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021

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