IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 21

D€astner et al.
Figure 33.
Anomaly Detection for AIS signal loss on a VTS display.
turns, close approach of two objects, AIS/ADS-B signal
loss, significant speed/altitude change, etc.
It is already a great support for operators of surveillance
systems when events like these raise an alarm and,
therefore, reduces workload and focuses on single objects
of interest. Figure 33 shows a screenshots of a vessel traffic
system (VTS) from HuMaTects [75] for detected
anomalies, which was developed during the already mentioned
IntelliMar study [37], [38].
AUTOENCODER ON STATISTICAL TIME SERIES
Autoencoders are a state-of-the-art deep learning utility to
detect anomalies [45], [46], [76]. Applied to statistical
data, they are more suitable for intelligence investigations
than for real-time detection of anomalies.
From the results of clustering, classification, and
route extraction, many statistics regarding a fixed period
can be derived. Examples include the number of arrivals,
departments, and grounded objects at a port or airport.
This also includes the number of connections
between other ports and airports. Looking at the development
of these statistics over time, fixed patterns will
be established, whereby irregularities are to be regarded
as anomalies.
Figure 34 shows the basic structure and illustrates the
functioning of an autoencoder. The network learns the
Figure 35.
Detected anomalies (red) in the statistics of military airports for
2018.
characteristic of the input data and tries to reproduce it to
the best possible extent. Therefore, the first layers encode
the data and the latter layers decode it afterward. The difference
between input and output data-the reconstruction
error-is a measure, how good the reproduced data match

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021

Contents
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - Cover1
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - Cover2
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - Contents
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 2
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 3
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 4
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 5
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 6
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 7
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 8
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 9
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 10
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 11
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 12
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 13
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 14
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 15
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 16
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 17
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 18
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 19
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 20
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 21
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 22
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 23
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 24
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 25
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 26
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 27
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 28
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 29
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 30
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 31
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 32
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 33
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 34
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 35
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 36
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 37
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 38
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 39
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 40
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 41
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 42
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 43
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 44
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 45
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 46
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 47
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 48
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 49
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 50
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 51
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 52
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 53
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 54
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 55
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 56
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 57
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 58
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 59
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 60
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 61
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 62
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 63
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 64
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 65
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 66
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 67
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 68
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 69
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 70
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 71
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 72
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 73
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 74
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 75
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 76
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 77
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 78
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 79
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 80
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 81
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 82
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 83
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 84
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 85
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 86
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 87
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 88
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 89
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 90
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 91
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 92
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 93
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 94
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 95
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 96
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 97
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 98
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 99
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 100
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 101
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 102
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 103
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 104
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 105
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 106
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 107
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 108
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 109
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 110
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 111
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 112
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 113
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 114
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 115
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 116
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 117
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 118
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 119
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - 120
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - Cover3
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2022_tutorial
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2021_tutorials
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2019partII
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2018
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com