IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2022 - 11

Kassas et al.
Table 3.
eNodeBs' Characteristics
Carrier
eNodeB
1
2
Figure 4.
SOP LTE eNodeB layout. Map data: Google Earth.
transmitting on dual frequencies. The characteristics ofthe
two eNodeBs are summarized in Table 3.
HARDWARE SETUP
The ground vehicle was equipped with hardware setup
shown in Figure 5, which was comprised of i) Septentrio
GNSS-INS system and ii) LTE front-end. The hardware
setup is described in the following.
SEPTENTRIOGNSS-INSSYSTEM
The Septentrio GNSS-INS system consists of the following:
a multifrequency GNSS AsteRx-i V receiver, a tactical-grade
Vectornav VN-100 microelectromechanical
system IMU, and a dual-GNSS antenna system. AsteRx-i
V processes the dual antenna multifrequency GNSS signals
with IMU measurements to generate an accurate and
reliable position and orientation solution. Multi-GNSS
frequency [MHz] NCell
751 / 2125
ID
Cellular
provider
377 Verizon
731.5 / 2145 491 T-Mobile
antennas 1 and 2 were mounted on a wooden board that
was mounted on the roof of the vehicle and aligned with
the vehicle's main axis. Antenna-1, i.e., the main antenna,
was toward the back of the vehicle. Antenna-2, i.e., the
auxiliary antenna, was toward the front of the vehicle. The
VN-100 IMU was mounted on the wooden board as
well, with its x-axis pointing toward the front of the vehicle,
the y-axis pointing to the right of the vehicle
(as seen from behind the vehicle), and the z-axis pointing
downward. It is worth noting that only GPS was
jammed, while signals from other GNSS constellations
(Galileo and GLONASS) were available. The GNSSINS
system was used to obtain the vehicle's ground
truth trajectory by using signals from the nonjammed
GNSS constellations.
LTEFRONT-END
The LTE front-end comprised of the following:
1) a quad-channel universal software radio peripheral
(USRP)-2955;
Figure 5.
Ground vehicle and hardware setup.
JULY 2022
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
11

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - July 2022

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