Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2019 - 62

Energy-Efﬁcient Routing Algorithm Based on Localization and Clustering Techniques for Agricultural Applications

Figure 4.
Membership functions for both input and output variables for CH selection algorithm.

importance for extending the network lifetime. The residual energy is the remaining energy of each node. Node
density presents the number of neighbor nodes in a tentative CH's neighbor nodes set. The number of neighbors
are playing an important role during the selection of a CH.
It is more reasonable to select a CH in a region where the
node has more neighbors. Node centrality represents how
central the node is among its neighbors. The more central
the node is to a CH, the more is the energy available for it
to transmit the data through that CH.

Algorithm 2. Fuzzy logic for CH selection

DATA TRANSMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS
The data collection phase comprises two steps: Intraclustering transmission step and interclustering transmission
step.

INTRACLUSTERING TRANSMISSION

Output: CH node chance;
Input: Residual energy, Node density, Node centrality;
1) Select available nodes in the communication range
2) Generate Membership Function for Input Residual
energy
3) Generate Membership Function for Input Node
density
4) Generate Membership Function for Input Node
centrality
5) Generate Membership Function for Output CH
node chance
6) Generate Fuzzy Rule (Residual energy, Node
density, Node centrality, Chance)
7) Apply Fuzzy Inference Engine with Aggregation
(Residual energy, Node density, Node centrality,
Chance)
8) Calculate Output Chances (w) from CoA

62

Figure 4 illustrates the membership function of
the proposed fuzzy system. The fuzzy set is composed
of the input variables of residual energy, node density,
and node centrality, and the output variable of chances
of being a CH.

In this step, normal nodes transmit their data packets to
their appropriate CH. For each cluster, the CH transmits
to its cluster members the appropriate parameters for
the schedule, which is divided into TDMA frames. A
strict synchronization between the CH and its cluster
members should be respected to avoid the problem of
clock drift and packets collision. Indeed, after receiving
the schedule from their respective CH, each member
knows his timing and the timings of other nodes. They
sense the environment periodically and save the last
sensed value. Their radios are turned OFF, when it is not
in their time slot. Each node wakes up when its time
slot starts. It sends the last data saved in its memory to
the CH. An amount of energy can be saved in this case.
The energy consumed by each CH should be updated
and recalculated for each round.

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

MARCH 2019

Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2019

Contents
Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2019 - Cover1
Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2019 - Cover2
Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2019 - Contents
Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2019 - 2
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