IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2021 - 6

Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System(s) (C-UAS): State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends
from which we could observe that unsafe and unauthorized UAS operations have been increasing dramatically. It is interesting that the most UAS sightings
occur in the summer months. The UAS sightings in
each state are shown in Figure 2, from which we could
observe that unsafe and unauthorized UAS operations
occur in most populated US states.

UAS-BASED THREATS
Figure 1.
Temporal distribution of UAS sightings.

REPORTED UAS SIGHTINGS
Over the past five years, reports of UAS sightings from
pilots, citizens, and law enforcement have increased
dramatically. Each month the FAA receives more than
100 such reports. The monthly UAS sightings between
January 2014 and December 2019 are shown in Figure 1,

In this tutorial, we classify the UAS-based threats into
three categories: public safety, national security, and
individual privacy, as shown in Table 1. UAS-based
public safety threats are due to operating UAS near
other aircraft, especially near airports; over groups of
people, public events, or stadiums full of people [6];
near emergencies such as fires or hurricane recovery
efforts; or under the influence of drugs or alcohol;
UAS-based national security threats are due to operating UAS over designated national security sensitive

Figure 2.
Spatial distribution of UAS sightings.

Table 1.

Classiﬁcation of UAS-Based Threats
Threats

Threatened entities

Threat mode

Consequences

Human, facilities, and
high value targets

Collisions, indirect hazards,
and controlled attacks

Injuries or damage of properties.

Security

High value targets

Aerial imaging and posterior
reconstruction

Disclosure of sensitive information
and national security issues

Privacy

Human

Aerial imaging or real-time
video stream

Privacy invasion

Safety

6

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

MARCH 2021

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2021

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