IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2023 - 40

Spaceborne Multibeam Phased Array Antennas for Satellite Communications
4) WINDS (2008): The Broadband Internet EngineerFigure
18.
Spainsat satellite. (a) Satellite in orbit diagram. (b) Receiving
antenna structure. (c) Subarray model.
ing Test and Demonstration Satellite (WINDS) (see
Figure 23) [9] is the world's first broadband satellite with
on-board asynchronous transfer mode switching, which
was launched by Japan in 2008. It is also the first satellite
to be capable of gigabit communication. Figure 23(b) and
(c) depicts two Ka-band active PAAs for high-capacity,
high-speed communication installed on the satellite,
which employs analog beamforming technology to realize
two independently controllable moving spot beams. The
transmit and receive antennas are both made up of 128
pyramid horn units. The cells are in a triangular network
with 2.7 wavelength cell spacing to meet the needs of terrestrial
scanning and to ensure that the grating lobes of the
antenna beam are located outside the Earth. Furthermore,
for maximum gain, the array elements are fed with constant
amplitude.
5) AEHF-1 (2010): The advanced extremely high frequency
(AEHF) satellite system (see Figure 24) [10] is a
new generation of protected military communication satellite
systems in the United States, consisting of six GEO
satellites that can cover a wide area between 65 north
and south latitudes. The first satellite, AEHF-1, launched
on 14 August 2010, and the last, AEHF-6, launched on
26 March 2020.
The AEHF-1 satellite adopts the distributed feeding
Figure 19.
WGS satellite.
same time and 784 variable beams. It can dynamically
generate corresponding spot beams based on user requirements,
provide users with the actual satellite capacity and
bandwidth needed, and enhance a specific area based on
user requirements to achieve flexible and dynamic management
of system capacity and coverage.
active phased array scheme, and the transceiver antenna is
designed separately. It includes two 2-beam transmit
PAAs operating at 20 GHz and a 4-beam receive PAA
operating at 44 GHz, representing the highest level of
MBPAAs for military communications satellites. The
transmit antenna consists of 271 units with a unit spacing
of 2.7 wavelengths and employs the PAA's unique
" super-agile " beam hopping service, which can provide
instant communication coverage between the command
headquarters and 160 isolated users moving in real time.
Figure 20.
Receiving antenna of the WGS satellite. (a) Array layout. (b) RF subsystem block diagram.
40
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
MARCH 2023

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2023

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IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - March 2023 - Cover1
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