Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2019 - 5

various other methods such as Markov-Chain
[11], Molecular Dynamic [12] Las-Vegas [13]
and also some improved methods such as hybrid
Monte Carlo [14], Multiple-time-stepping generalized hybrid Monte Carlo [15], or Markov-Chain
Monte Carlo (MCMC) [16], but the classical
well-known Mont Carlo simulation is the mostly
used method in the literature for analyzing the
systems with uncertainties.
 Calculation of Euler angles through applying attitude control algorithm for each satellite axis.
 Determination of each solar panel's Sun pointing
factor, kp (cosine of the angle between solar vector
and each panel normal vector).
 Modifying of the results by omitting a specific number of the farthest worst-case ones.
 Calculation of the average generated power by each
panel and entire satellite.
 Recommendations to the sizing of PV system.

htotal ¼ Loss of each panel due to degradation is constant
during EOP and detumbling mode.
ktemp ¼ Ratio of generated power at ambient temperature
versus generated power at 28  C.
kp ¼ Pointing factor of panel.
ktemp and kP are the factors mostly affecting solar panels
power generation. The effect of temperature on solar
cells I-V characteristic has been shown in Figure 1 [17].
ktemp could be simply calculated by the following
equation:
ktemp ¼ 1 À ½ðbI0 À aV0 Þ Â ðT À T0 ފ

(2)

where I0 and V0 are the cell's short-circuit current and
open-circuit voltage at reference temperature (T0) and a
and b are the temperature coefficients of the cells current
and voltage in A/ C and V/ C. T is solar cell temperature.
For example, for "3G30," which is a space qualified triple
junction GaAs solar cell manufactured by AZURSPACE
[18], the required parameters are listed in Table 1.

The results of this paper can be useful in design of satellites with body-mounted solar panels.

POWER FROM SATELLITE SOLAR PANELS
Available power from solar panels ðPSA Þ depends on several parameters which can be calculated by using the following equation:
PSA ¼ PBOL  htotal  ktemp  kp

(1)

While:
PBOL ¼ Available power at beginning of life, at AM0 and
ambient temperature equal to 28  C [17].
MAY 2019

Figure 1.
Temperature effect on I-V characteristic [17].

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

5



Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2019

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