IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 30

Flight Demonstration of a Hybrid Battery/Supercapacitor Energy Storage System in an Earth Orbiting CubeSat

Figure 5.
Summary of environmental testing for JPL/CSUNSat1 project. A-1) JPL/CSUNSat1 payload inside JPL's TVAC chamber, including flight
cell test chassis (picture on right) for TVAC environmental testing. A-2) Functional block diagram of the CubeSat TVAC system. A-3) Representative TVAC discharge pulse test data under vacuum (pressure < 10-6 Torr) at -40  C. B-1) Block diagram on the integrated JPL/
CSUNSat1. B-2) Random vibration test profile on the integrated CSUNSat1. The overall root mean square acceleration (grms) in the x, y,
and z directions was determined to be 9.51, 9.49, and 9.53 grms, respectively. B-3) Integrated voltage measurements under TVAC.

cells, most likely attributable to variations in resistance
between the voltage measuring electronics and contact
with the cell terminals. Figure 5A-3 illustrates a representative pulse discharge test at -40  C of $7 A in hybrid
ESS mode through one of the integrated load resistors.
The voltage and current distributions provided good indications of functionality and performance of the entire payload assembly including optimization of payload
electronics to minimize cell leakage and electrical resistances. Individual cell masses were also measured both

Table 2.

Summary of Cell Mass Pre- and Post-TVAC
Cell Mass (gm)

30

Cell ID

Pre-Tvac

Post-Tvac

Li-ion

85.120

85.110

Supercap #1

73.350

73.350

Supercap #2

75.000

75.000

before and after the TVAC testing. As summarized in
Table 2, the cell mass differences of all the flight cells
were negligible after TVAC testing, indicating no electrolyte leakage from a cell can breach.

CSUNSAT1 INTEGRATION TESTING
After successful environment cell testing, the hybrid
ESS payload assembly was integrated into an aluminum
block casing designed specifically to interface to the
JPL/CSUNSat1 spacecraft, as shown in Figure 4C. The
hybrid ESS payload was successfully integrated into the
spacecraft, and was subsequently subjected to environmental testing.
The pyroshock, random vibration and TVAC testing
on the CubeSat with the ESS payload in place were then
carried out. The test data (see Figure 5B-2) was used to
calculate the overall root mean square acceleration (grms)
in the x, y, and z directions to be 9.51, 9.49, and 9.53
grms, respectively. In addition, no debris or particles were
detected upon inspection after the test up to launch random vibration levels.

IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

MAY 2021



IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021

Contents
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - Cover1
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - Cover2
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - Contents
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 2
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 3
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 4
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 5
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 6
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 7
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 8
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 9
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 10
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 11
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 12
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 13
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 14
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 15
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 16
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 17
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 18
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 19
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 20
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 21
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 22
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 23
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 24
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 25
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 26
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 27
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 28
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 29
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 30
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 31
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 32
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 33
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 34
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 35
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 36
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 37
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 38
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 39
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 40
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 41
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 42
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 43
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 44
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 45
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 46
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 47
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 48
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 49
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 50
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 51
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 52
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 53
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 54
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 55
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 56
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 57
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 58
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 59
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 60
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 61
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 62
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 63
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - 64
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - Cover3
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2022_tutorial
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2021_tutorials
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2019partII
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2018
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com