IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 102

IEEE AES Tutorials
The first part of this tutorial provides details ofthe relevant
statistical models from the literature which are typically
used to characterize the sea clutter. Using these models
enables us to represent clutter in different environments
that may be difficult to observe in trials and to predict the
performance of radars over a range of different conditions
with more confidence. Future radar systems may well comprise
transmitters and receivers which are separated by
some distance. Analysis of bistatic sea clutter is therefore
covered in the second part of this paper with a focus on
how the statistics vary with different bistatic angles. The
final part then looks at the application of radar models for
clutter simulation and performance prediction for both
coherent and non-coherent detection schemes.
TUTORIAL XIV
Published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic
Systems Magazine
Volume Thirty Six-Number Three-March 2016
COUNTER-UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM(S) (C-UAS): STATE
OF THE ART, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE TRENDS
JIAN WANG, YONGXIN LIU, HOUBING SONG
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach,
FL, 32114, USA
Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), or unmanned aerial
vehicles, often referred to as drones, have been experiencing
healthy growth in the United States and around the
world. The positive uses ofUAS have the potential to save
lives, increase safety and efficiency, and enable more effective
science and engineering research. However, UAS are
subject to threats stemming from increasing reliance on
computer and communication technologies, which place
public safety, national security, and individual privacy at
risk. To promote safe, secure, and privacy-respecting UAS
operations, there is an urgent need for innovative technologies
for detecting, tracking, identifying, and mitigating
UAS. A Counter-UAS (C-UAS) system is defined as a system
or device capable oflawfully and safely disabling, disrupting,
or seizing control ofan unmanned aircraft or UAS.
Over the past five years, significant research efforts have
been made to detect, and mitigate UAS: detection technologies
are based on acoustic, vision, passive radio frequency,
radar, and data fusion; and mitigation technologies include
physical capture or jamming. In this tutorial, we provide a
comprehensive survey of existing literature in the area of
C-UAS, identify the challenges in countering unauthorized
or unsafe UAS, and evaluate the trends of detection and
mitigation for protecting against UAS-based threats.
The objective of this tutorial is to present a systematic
102
introduction of C-UAS technologies, thus, fostering a
research community committed to the safe integration of
UAS into the airspace system.
AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION ON SYNTHETIC APERTURE
RADAR IMAGERY: A SURVEY
ODYSSEAS KECHAGIAS-STAMATIS
NABIL AOUF
City University ofLondon, London, EC1V 0HB, U.K.
Automatic target recognition (ATR) for military applications
is one of the core processes toward enhancing intelligence
and autonomously operating military platforms.
Spurred by this and given that the synthetic aperture radar
(SAR) presents several advantages over its counterpart
data domains, this article surveys and assesses current SAR
ATR algorithms that employ the most popular dataset for
the SAR domain, namely the moving and stationary target
acquisition and recognition (MSTAR) dataset. Specifically,
we perform a direct comparison between current SARATR
methods and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of
each technique under both standard and extended operational
conditions. Additionally, despite MSTAR being the
standard SAR ATR benchmarking dataset, we also highlight
its weaknesses and suggest future research directions.
AN INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL QUANTUM KEY
DISTRIBUTION
OMARAMER
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
VAIBHAV GARG
Comcast Cable, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA
WALTER O. KRAWEC
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
Quantum technology, and especially quantum computing,
is advancing rapidly. Our every-day secure communication
infrastructure relies heavily on public key cryptography;
unfortunately, many public key schemes are in fact insecure
against quantum algorithms. Furthermore, adversaries
who, today, capture information encrypted using classical
key distribution systems, can wait and, as soon as quantum
computers of sufficient power become available, they may
decipher all previously captured information. While some
new " postquantum " public key systems are assumed to be
secure against quantum computers, this is only an assumption
and, even if the assumption remains valid, still results
in systems that are less efficient for end-users than the more
commonly used public key systems employed today. While
the advent ofquantum technology may seem detrimental to
security, in fact, one may harness the power of quantum
through quantum key distribution (QKD) for stronger security
guarantees. Such QKD protocols allow two (or more)
parties to establish a shared secret key, secure against an
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
MAY 2022
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV

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