IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 103

IEEE AES Tutorials
all-powerful adversary. Perhaps surprising is that QKD
technology is already here both experimentally and commercially.
This tutorial serves as an introduction to basic
QKD along with QKD technology from a practical perspective.
Quantum communication is a highly interdisciplinary
field ofresearch, and one ofthe goals of this article
is to introduce a larger set of researchers and practitioners
to its study in the hopes offurthering its progress and eventual
wide-scale adoption.
TUTORIAL XV
Published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic
Systems Magazine
Volume Thirty Seven-Number Five-May 2022
MONOCULAR VISUAL AUTONOMOUS LANDING SYSTEM FOR
QUADCOPTER DRONES USING SOFTWARE IN THE LOOP
MIGUEL SAAVEDRA-RUIZ, ANA MARIA
PINTO-VARGAS, AND VICTOR ROMERO-CANO
Universidad Autonoma de Occidente, Santiago de Cali,
Colombia Autonomous landing is a capability that is essential
to achieve the full potential ofmultirotor drones in many
social and industrial applications. The implementation and
testing of this capability on physical platforms is risky and
resource-intensive; hence, in order to ensure both a sound
design process and a safe deployment, simulations are
required before implementing a physical prototype. This
article presents the development of a monocular visual system,
using a software-in-the-loop methodology that autonomously
and efficiently lands a quadcopter drone on a
predefined landing pad, thus reducing the risks of the physical
testing stage. In addition to ensuring that the autonomous
landing system as a whole fulfils the design requirements
using a Gazebo-based simulation, our approach provides a
tool for safe parameter tuning and design testing prior to
physical implementation. Finally, the proposed monocular
vision-only approach to landing pad tracking made it possible
to effectively implement the system in an F450 quadcopter
drone with the standard computational capabilities of an
Odroid XU4 embedded processor.
A SURVEY ON THE APPLICATIONS OF CONVOLUTIONAL
NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR:
RECENT ADVANCES
AMIR HOSEIN OVEIS, ELISA GIUSTI,
AND SELENIA GHIO, AND
MARCO MARTORELLA
National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications,
56127 Pisa, Italy In recent years, convolutional
MAY 2022
neural networks (CNNs) have drawn considerable attention
for the analysis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. In
this study, major subareas of SAR data analysis that have
been tackled by CNNs are systematically reviewed, such as
automatic target recognition, land use, and land cover classification,
segmentation, change detection, object detection,
and image denoising. Special emphasis has been
given to practical techniques such as data augmentation
and transfer learning. Complex-valued CNNs, which have
been introduced to exploit phase information embedded in
SAR complex images, have also been extensively
reviewed. To conclude this review paper, open challenges
and future research directions are highlighted.
A RATIONALE FOR BACKPROJECTION IN SPOTLIGHT
SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGE FORMATION
JERALD L. BAUCK
Tempe, AZ 85283 USA
This note on backprojection for spotlight synthetic aperture
radar image formation is mainly pedagogic in purpose and
is intended to be accessible. The presentation from first
principles is elementary and detailed, beginning with the
wave equation and melding wave notions with signal processing
notions using a compact and consistent notation
throughout. A reflection model is developed including a
general expression for the receiver signal, which does not
depend on a particular transmitted waveform. Then, the
signal is specialized to monochromatic waves to show how
waves and the Fourier transform fit together. In the end, the
signal is once again generalized so that the theory works
for any signal type. Backprojection is shown to reconstruct
the wave field that was lost by sampling it at only one point,
the receiving antenna. After specializing some details to the
synthetic aperture radar geometry, the Projection Slice
Theorem is introduced late, after an understanding of the
underlying principles is obtained. Computational aspects
are considered and it is seen that backprojection and direct
Fourier inversion, also known as the polar format algorithm,
are fundamentally the same, differing only in some
implementation details, albeit significant ones, thus overturning
the notion that backprojection is not a Fourier process.
Those who might benefit from this article include
people who have worked in this field and who seek a somewhat
different point of view from the usual presentation,
people in other fields who are unfamiliar with some of
the engineering concepts involved, and signal processing
engineers who appreciate a bit ofwave theory.
DETECTING A TARGET WITH QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT
GIACOMO SORELLI
Sorbonne Universite, 75005 Paris, France, and also
Universite Paris Saclay, Palaiseau F-91123, Franc
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
103

IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV

Contents
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - Contents
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - Cover2
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 1
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 2
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 3
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 4
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 5
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 6
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 7
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 8
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 9
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 10
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 11
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 12
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 13
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 14
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 15
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 16
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 17
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 18
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 19
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 20
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 21
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 22
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 23
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 24
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 25
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 26
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 27
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 28
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 29
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 30
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 31
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 32
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 33
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 34
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 35
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 36
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 37
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 38
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 39
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 40
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 41
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 42
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 43
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 44
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 45
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 46
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 47
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 48
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 49
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 50
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 51
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 52
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 53
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 54
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 55
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 56
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 57
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 58
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 59
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 60
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 61
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 62
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 63
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 64
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 65
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 66
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 67
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 68
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 69
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 70
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 71
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 72
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 73
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 74
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 75
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 76
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 77
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 78
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 79
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 80
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 81
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 82
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 83
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 84
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 85
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 86
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 87
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 88
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 89
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 90
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 91
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 92
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 93
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 94
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 95
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 96
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 97
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 98
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 99
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 100
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 101
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 102
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 103
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 104
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - Cover3
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2022_tutorial
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2021_tutorials
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_february2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_january2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2019partII
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_july2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_april2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_may2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_august2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_october2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/aerospace_november2018
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com