IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV - 93

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spectral estimation techniques is described. The problem of
estimating the number of signal components in the presence
of speckle is also addressed. Finally, a brief mention
is given to recent research trends on robust methods for
nonperfectly calibrated arrays, on processing for non-ULA
configurations, and on MB SAR tomography, which is an
extension ofMB SAR interferometry for the full 3D mapping
of semitransparent volume scattering layers. State of
the art of other advanced multichannel interferometric
techniques is also briefly recalled.
TUTORIAL III
Published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic
Systems Magazine
Volume Twenty-One-Number Six-June 2006
A REVIEW OF DISTRIBUTED POWER SYSTEMS PART II: HIGH
FREQUENCY AC DISTRIBUTED POWER SYSTEMS
SHIGUO LUO
ISSA BATARSEH, Fellow, IEEE
University of Central
Florida
The present development state in high frequency (HF) ac
distributed power systems (DPS) is reviewed. First, background
and motivations of developing HF AC-DPS are
addressed. Two types of basic HF AC-DPSs based on sine
wave and square/PWM (pulse- width modulated) wave
bus are described, and the system level design considerations
are discussed. Further, the issues and challenges in
this research area are identified. These issues include high
electromagnetic interference (EMI) level, difficulty to
back up power, nonredundant system structure and limited
post-regulation capability, etc. Finally, a viable HF ACDPS
is proposed, which is expected to yield effective EMI
trade-off and system redundancy.
This is Part II of a two part review of Distributed Power
Systems. Part I: DCDistributedPower System appeared in
Tutorial II, August 2005. See Abstracts, page 87, for
more details.
BIOMETRIC SECURITY TECHNOLOGY
MARCOS FAUNDEZ-ZANUY
Escola Universitaria Politecnica de Mataro
Spain
This paper presents an overview of the main topics related
to biometric security technology, with the central purpose
to provide a primer on this subject.
Biometrics can offer greater security and convenience than
traditional methods for people recognition. Even if we do
not want to replace a classic method (password or handheld
MAY 2022
token) by a biometric one, for sure, we are potential users
of these systems, which will even be mandatory for new
passport models. For this reason, it is useful to be familiarized
with the possibilities ofbiometric security technology.
OVERVIEW OF GENERALIZED MONOPULSE ESTIMATION
ULRICH NICKEL
FGAN-FHR
Germany
Monopulse is an established technique for radar angle estimation.
One can show that monopulse estimation is based
on a general approximation derived from maximum likelihood
(ML) estimation. This tutorial provides a derivation
of this relation and presents extensions of this monopulse
principle to multi-dimensional array and parameter estimation
problems, in particular to space-time adaptive processing
(STAP) with reduced dimension, subarrays and
generalized sidelobe canceller (GSLC) configurations. The
performance of these monopulse applications can be predicted
by exploiting the distribution ofthe monopulse ratio.
It is demonstrated that this distribution is more realistic
than the Cram'er-Rao bound (CRB). Several examples of
performance ofmonopulse estimators are given for thinned
and fully filled planar arrays, adaptive beamforming with
and without low sid- elobes, GSLC, and STAP. Finally,
conditions for estimates with low variance are discussed.
TUTORIAL IV
Published as Part 2 of IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Magazine
Volume Twenty-Two-Number Nine-September 2007
A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO INTERFEROMETRIC SAR CONCEPTS
AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
MARK A. RICHARDS, Senior Member, IEEE
Georgia Institute ofTechnology
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR, also
abbreviated as InSAR) employs pairs of high resolution
SAR images to generate high quality terrain elevation
maps using phase interferometry methods. IFSAR provides
an all-weather, day/night capability to generate
measurements of terrain elevation on a dense grid of sample
points with accuracies of ones of meters. Both spaceborne
and airborne IFSAR systems are in use.
In this paper we present a tutorial introduction to the concepts,
techniques, and applications ofIFSAR. After a brief
introduction to digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital
terrain elevation data (DTED), the fundamental IFSAR
equation relating interferometric phase measurements to
terrain elevation is derived from simple geometric
IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
93
IEEE - Aerospace and Electronic Systems - May 2022 - Tutorial XV

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